B1 Cells And Genetic Material Flashcards
2 types of cell
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
What type of cells are eukaryotic cells?
Complex cells - all animal and plants cells
What type of cells are prokaryotic cells?
Smaller, simpler cells - bacteria
What do both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells contain?
Genetic material in the form of DNA
What information does DNA contain?
Instructions that control the activities of a cell and allows the whole organism to function and develop.
Parts of a eukaryotic cell (5)
Animal
Nucleus, cytoplasm, partially permeable cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes
What is a nucleus?
Contains genetic material, arranged into chromosomes
What is cytoplasm?
Gel like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen.
Contains enzymes that control the chemical reactions.
Why does a cell have a partially permeable cell membrane?
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
What is mitochondria?
Contains enzymes need to control most of the reactions in aerobic respiration
What is respiration?
Transfers the energy that the cell needs to work.
What are ribosomes?
Involved in the synthesis of proteins
Animal or plant cell - nucleus
Both
Animal or plant cell - cytoplasm
Both
Animal or plant cell - partially permeable cell membrane
Both
Animal or plant cell - mitochondria
Both
Animal or plant cell - ribosomes
Both
Animal or plant cell - rigid cell wall
Plant
Animal or plant cell - large vacuole
Plant
Animal or plant cell - chloroplasts
Plant
What is a rigid cell wall made of?
Cellulose
What is the role of a rigid cell wall?
It supports the cell and strengths it
What does a large vacuole contain?
Cell sap, a weak solution of sugar and salt
What happens do chloroplasts contain?
Green substance called chlorophyll
What happens in the chloroplasts?
Where photosynthesis occurs
Parts of a prokaryotic cell 5
One long circular chromosomes, plasmids, cell membrane, cell wall, ribosomes
Parts of a eukaryotic cell (8)
Plant
Nucleus, cytoplasm, partially permeable cell wall, mitochondria, ribosomes, rigid cell wall, large vacuole, chloroplasts
How do prokaryotic cells store their genetic material?
One long circular chromosome, which floats free in the cytoplasm
Plasmids
What are plasmids?
Small loops of extra DNA, containing genes for drug resistance and can be passed between prokaryotic cells.
NOT ALL PROKARYOTIC CELLS CONTAIN PLASMIDS
What do eukaryotic cells have, that prokaryotic cells don’t?
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Give 2 ways in which genetic information can be stored in a prokaryotic cell
One long circular chromosome
Plasmids
