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Anatomy > Autonomic system and pathways > Flashcards

Autonomic system and pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic ________involves vision, hearing, touch, proprioception

A

Sensory

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2
Q

Somatic ________ part involves control of skeletal muscles

A

Motor

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3
Q

________ nervous system is a motor system regulating processes below the conscious level to maintain homeostasis

Also called ________ motor system

Reflexively responds to ________ sensory inputs
- E.g blood vessel stretch
Sense impulses to muscles and glands

A

Autonomic

Visceral

Visceral

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4
Q

In sensory nervous system, the motor neuron has a large ________ axon and releases acetylcholine to stimulate muscle

A

Myelinated

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5
Q

In ANS, what two neurons innervate the involuntary muscles and glands?

A

Preganglionic and ganglionic

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6
Q

What myelinated axon extends to the second cell within an autonomic ganglion in PNS?

A

Preglangionic axon

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7
Q

________ ________ part involves control of skeletal muscles

A

Somatic motor

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8
Q

In parasympathetic division, preganglionic axons are________ and postganglionic axons are ________

In sympathetic division, preganglionic axons are________ and postganglionic axons are ________

A

long, short

short, long

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9
Q

________ preganglionic axons have few branches

________ preganglionic axons have many branches

A

Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

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10
Q

________ ganglia are in effector

________ gangia are near spinal cord

A

Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

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11
Q

________ division is rest and digest
________ division is fight or flight

A

Parasympathetic

sympathetic

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12
Q

The parasympathetic division is the ________ division

preganglionic neurons are housed in brainstem nuclei and ________ grey matter of the S- to S- spinal cord

Ganglionic neurons close to target organ is ________
Ganglionic neurons in the wall of target organ is ________

Four cranial nerves in parasympathetic division:

A

Craniosacral

Lateral, S2-S4

Terminal ganglia
Intramural ganglia

Oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus (Only Friends Go Viral)

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13
Q

Oculomotor CNII
- Postganglionic cell bodies located in ________ ganglion within orbit
- Postganglionic axons project to ________ muscle and to the pupillary constrictor of ________

A

Ciliary

Ciliary, iris

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14
Q

Facial CN VII
- Greater ________ nerve: terminates at the ________ ganglion; innervates ________ glands and small glands of nose, mouth, palate

  • ________ ________ nerve: terminates at ________ ganglion, innervates ________ and ________ salivary glands
A
  • Petrosal, pterygopalatine, lacrimal
  • Chorda tympani, submandibular ganglion, submandibular, sublingual
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15
Q

Glossopharyngeal IX

  • ________ axons branch and synapse on ________ ganglin
  • ________ axons cause increase in secretion from ________ salivary glands
A

Preganglionic, otic
postganglionic, parotid

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16
Q

PVagus CN X

  • Projects inferiorly through neck to innervate ________ and ________ organs
  • Activity in branches to thoracic organs increase ________ production, decrease airway diameter and decrease heart rate and force of contraction
  • Activity in branches to abdominal organs increamse ________ muscle motility and secretory activity in digestive tract
A

Thoracic, abdominal

  • Mucous
  • Smooth
17
Q

Preganglionic neurons are housed in ________ gray regions of S- to S- spinal cord

  • Branch to form ________ ________ nerves which contribute to superior and inferior ________ plexus
  • Project to gangia of
  • ________ intestine, ________, ________ organs, ________ ________, ________ ________`
A

Lateral, S2-S4

Pelvic splanchic, hypogastric

  • Large intestine, rectum, reproductive, urinary bladder, distal ureter
18
Q

Sympathetic division is also ________ division

Pregangionic neuron cell bodies housed in ________ horns of T- to L-

Preganglionic axons travel with somatic moor axons to exit spinal cord via ________ roots

Contains 5 types of cells:

A

Thoracolumbar
Lateral, T1-L2

Rami communicantes
Sympathetic trunk with paravertebral ganglia
Splanchnic nerves
Prevertebral ganglia
Postganglionic axons

19
Q

________ and ________ rami connect sympathetic trunk to each spinal nerve

PREganglionic sympathetic axons of T1-L2 are carried by ________ Rami communicantes
- White color reflects ________

POSTganglionic sympathetic axons are carried by ________ rami communicantes
- Gray color reflects lack of ________ on axons
- Gray rami connect all spinal nerves

________ ________ are located anterior to spinal nerves and lateral to vertebral column

________ ________ ________ (________ ganglia) house sympathetic ganglionic neuron cell bodies; one associated with each spinal nerve

A

Grey, white

White, myelination

Grey
Myelin

Sympathetic trunks

Sympathetic trunk ganglia, paravertebral

20
Q

postgalgnionic axons from cell bodies in ________ cervical ganglion distribute structures in the head and neck

________ cervical ganglion and ________ cervical ganglion house neurons that extend postganglionic axons to ________ ________

________ ganglion is the combination of inferior cervical ganglion plus first thoracic ganglion

A

Superior

Middle, inferior, thoracic viscera

Cervicothoracic

21
Q

Sympathetic sphlanchnic nerves

Composed of ________ sympathetic axons that did NOT synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion
Run anteriorly from sympathetic trunk to most of viscera

  • Sphlanchnic nerves typically terminate in ________ ganglia
  • immediately anterior to vertebrae
A

Preganglionic

  • Prevertebral ganglia
22
Q

What are the arteries in sphlanchnic nerves prevertebral ganglia?

A

Celiac, superior mesentric, inferior mesentric ganglia

23
Q

What are the larger sphlanchnic nerves?

A

Greater thoracic T5-T9
Lesser thoracic T10-T11
Least T12
Lumbar L1-L2
Sacral S2-S4

24
Q

Sympathetic postganglion innervate many ________ organs

A

Abdominal

25
Q

Preganglionic axon terminates in ________ ________

A

Sympathetic trunk

26
Q

postganglionic neuron exits via ________ ramus at same level and extends within spinal nerve to target organ

A

Gray

27
Q

Spinal nerve pathways go to ________ structures
Postganglionic pathways go to ________, ________, ________
Sphlanchnic pathways go to ________ and ________ ________

A

Integumentary
Head, neck, thoracic visera
Abdominal, pelvic viscera

28
Q

Adrenal medulla, pathway

Preganglionic axons innervate ________ gland
Stimulation of ________ cells cause release of ________ and ________ in blood

A

Adrenal
Adrenal, epinephrine, norepinephrine

29
Q

Parasympathetic
- ________ heart
- ________ intestinal motility
- ________ pupil

A

Slows
Increases
Constricts

30
Q

Sympathetic
- ________ heart
- ________ intestinal motility
- ________ pupil

Blood vessels _______ with increased sympathetic activity
Sweat secretion, adrenal secretion, arrector pili contraction _______ with increased sympathetic activity

A
  • Speeds
  • decreases
  • dilates

Constrict, increase

31
Q

Sensory pathways are _______ and carry information from body to brain
Motor pathways are _______ transmit motor information from brain to muscles or gland

A

Ascending
Descending

32
Q

Neuron cell bodies are in _______ ganglia, spinal _______ horns or _______ nuclei
- in tracts of _______ and _______ _______

A

peripheral, gray, brain
Brain, spinal cord

33
Q

_______ pathways have primary and secondary neurons
_______ pathways have upper and lower motor neurons

A

Sensory
Motor

34
Q

Ascending (sensory)
_______ pathways through skin, muscles, joints
_______ pathways through viscera

A

Somatosensory
viscerosensory

35
Q

Three major SOMATOSENSORY pathways:

A

Posterior funiculus-medial lemniscus (conscious)
Anterolateral (conscious)
Spincerebellar (unconscious)

36
Q

Motor pathways

Upper motor neuron
- housed in _______ _______
- May excite or inhibit lower motor neuron

Lower motor neuron
- Housed in _______ _______ of spinal cord
- always _______ skeletal muscle

Direct pathway
- originated in _______ motor cortex
- _______ control of skeletal muscle activity

Indirect pathway:
- originated in _______
- _______ control of skeletal muscle activity

A

Cerebral cortex

Anterior horn
Excites

primary
conscious

brainstem
unconscious

Anatomy (21 decks)

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