Autonomic system and pathways Flashcards
Somatic ________involves vision, hearing, touch, proprioception
Sensory
Somatic ________ part involves control of skeletal muscles
Motor
________ nervous system is a motor system regulating processes below the conscious level to maintain homeostasis
Also called ________ motor system
Reflexively responds to ________ sensory inputs
- E.g blood vessel stretch
Sense impulses to muscles and glands
Autonomic
Visceral
Visceral
In sensory nervous system, the motor neuron has a large ________ axon and releases acetylcholine to stimulate muscle
Myelinated
In ANS, what two neurons innervate the involuntary muscles and glands?
Preganglionic and ganglionic
What myelinated axon extends to the second cell within an autonomic ganglion in PNS?
Preglangionic axon
________ ________ part involves control of skeletal muscles
Somatic motor
In parasympathetic division, preganglionic axons are________ and postganglionic axons are ________
In sympathetic division, preganglionic axons are________ and postganglionic axons are ________
long, short
short, long
________ preganglionic axons have few branches
________ preganglionic axons have many branches
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
________ ganglia are in effector
________ gangia are near spinal cord
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic
________ division is rest and digest
________ division is fight or flight
Parasympathetic
sympathetic
The parasympathetic division is the ________ division
preganglionic neurons are housed in brainstem nuclei and ________ grey matter of the S- to S- spinal cord
Ganglionic neurons close to target organ is ________
Ganglionic neurons in the wall of target organ is ________
Four cranial nerves in parasympathetic division:
Craniosacral
Lateral, S2-S4
Terminal ganglia
Intramural ganglia
Oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus (Only Friends Go Viral)
Oculomotor CNII
- Postganglionic cell bodies located in ________ ganglion within orbit
- Postganglionic axons project to ________ muscle and to the pupillary constrictor of ________
Ciliary
Ciliary, iris
Facial CN VII
- Greater ________ nerve: terminates at the ________ ganglion; innervates ________ glands and small glands of nose, mouth, palate
- ________ ________ nerve: terminates at ________ ganglion, innervates ________ and ________ salivary glands
- Petrosal, pterygopalatine, lacrimal
- Chorda tympani, submandibular ganglion, submandibular, sublingual
Glossopharyngeal IX
- ________ axons branch and synapse on ________ ganglin
- ________ axons cause increase in secretion from ________ salivary glands
Preganglionic, otic
postganglionic, parotid
PVagus CN X
- Projects inferiorly through neck to innervate ________ and ________ organs
- Activity in branches to thoracic organs increase ________ production, decrease airway diameter and decrease heart rate and force of contraction
- Activity in branches to abdominal organs increamse ________ muscle motility and secretory activity in digestive tract
Thoracic, abdominal
- Mucous
- Smooth
Preganglionic neurons are housed in ________ gray regions of S- to S- spinal cord
- Branch to form ________ ________ nerves which contribute to superior and inferior ________ plexus
- Project to gangia of
- ________ intestine, ________, ________ organs, ________ ________, ________ ________`
Lateral, S2-S4
Pelvic splanchic, hypogastric
- Large intestine, rectum, reproductive, urinary bladder, distal ureter
Sympathetic division is also ________ division
Pregangionic neuron cell bodies housed in ________ horns of T- to L-
Preganglionic axons travel with somatic moor axons to exit spinal cord via ________ roots
Contains 5 types of cells:
Thoracolumbar
Lateral, T1-L2
Rami communicantes
Sympathetic trunk with paravertebral ganglia
Splanchnic nerves
Prevertebral ganglia
Postganglionic axons
________ and ________ rami connect sympathetic trunk to each spinal nerve
PREganglionic sympathetic axons of T1-L2 are carried by ________ Rami communicantes
- White color reflects ________
POSTganglionic sympathetic axons are carried by ________ rami communicantes
- Gray color reflects lack of ________ on axons
- Gray rami connect all spinal nerves
________ ________ are located anterior to spinal nerves and lateral to vertebral column
________ ________ ________ (________ ganglia) house sympathetic ganglionic neuron cell bodies; one associated with each spinal nerve
Grey, white
White, myelination
Grey
Myelin
Sympathetic trunks
Sympathetic trunk ganglia, paravertebral
postgalgnionic axons from cell bodies in ________ cervical ganglion distribute structures in the head and neck
________ cervical ganglion and ________ cervical ganglion house neurons that extend postganglionic axons to ________ ________
________ ganglion is the combination of inferior cervical ganglion plus first thoracic ganglion
Superior
Middle, inferior, thoracic viscera
Cervicothoracic
Sympathetic sphlanchnic nerves
Composed of ________ sympathetic axons that did NOT synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion
Run anteriorly from sympathetic trunk to most of viscera
- Sphlanchnic nerves typically terminate in ________ ganglia
- immediately anterior to vertebrae
Preganglionic
- Prevertebral ganglia
What are the arteries in sphlanchnic nerves prevertebral ganglia?
Celiac, superior mesentric, inferior mesentric ganglia
What are the larger sphlanchnic nerves?
Greater thoracic T5-T9
Lesser thoracic T10-T11
Least T12
Lumbar L1-L2
Sacral S2-S4
Sympathetic postganglion innervate many ________ organs
Abdominal
Preganglionic axon terminates in ________ ________
Sympathetic trunk
postganglionic neuron exits via ________ ramus at same level and extends within spinal nerve to target organ
Gray
Spinal nerve pathways go to ________ structures
Postganglionic pathways go to ________, ________, ________
Sphlanchnic pathways go to ________ and ________ ________
Integumentary
Head, neck, thoracic visera
Abdominal, pelvic viscera
Adrenal medulla, pathway
Preganglionic axons innervate ________ gland
Stimulation of ________ cells cause release of ________ and ________ in blood
Adrenal
Adrenal, epinephrine, norepinephrine
Parasympathetic
- ________ heart
- ________ intestinal motility
- ________ pupil
Slows
Increases
Constricts
Sympathetic
- ________ heart
- ________ intestinal motility
- ________ pupil
Blood vessels _______ with increased sympathetic activity
Sweat secretion, adrenal secretion, arrector pili contraction _______ with increased sympathetic activity
- Speeds
- decreases
- dilates
Constrict, increase
Sensory pathways are _______ and carry information from body to brain
Motor pathways are _______ transmit motor information from brain to muscles or gland
Ascending
Descending
Neuron cell bodies are in _______ ganglia, spinal _______ horns or _______ nuclei
- in tracts of _______ and _______ _______
peripheral, gray, brain
Brain, spinal cord
_______ pathways have primary and secondary neurons
_______ pathways have upper and lower motor neurons
Sensory
Motor
Ascending (sensory)
_______ pathways through skin, muscles, joints
_______ pathways through viscera
Somatosensory
viscerosensory
Three major SOMATOSENSORY pathways:
Posterior funiculus-medial lemniscus (conscious)
Anterolateral (conscious)
Spincerebellar (unconscious)
Motor pathways
Upper motor neuron
- housed in _______ _______
- May excite or inhibit lower motor neuron
Lower motor neuron
- Housed in _______ _______ of spinal cord
- always _______ skeletal muscle
Direct pathway
- originated in _______ motor cortex
- _______ control of skeletal muscle activity
Indirect pathway:
- originated in _______
- _______ control of skeletal muscle activity
Cerebral cortex
Anterior horn
Excites
primary
conscious
brainstem
unconscious
