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Anatomy > 4.01 - Heart > Flashcards

4.01 - Heart Flashcards

1
Q

________ carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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2
Q

________ carry blood towards the heart

A

Veins

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3
Q

Right side of heart pumps deoxygenated blood through ________ ________ to lungs

A

Pulmonary arteries

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4
Q

After oxygen pickup and carbon dioxide from lungs ________ ________ carry blood to left side of heart

A

pulmonary veins

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5
Q

left side of heart pumps oxygenated blood through ________ ________ to body cells

A

systemic arteries

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6
Q

Nutrients, respiratory gases and wastes are exchanged from body cells and ________ ________ carry blood to right side

A

Systemic veins

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7
Q

________ ________ from ascending aorta supply blood to heart walls

A

Coronary arteries

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8
Q

________ ________ drain blood back to right atrium

A

Cardiac veins

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9
Q

The heart is inside the ________ ________

A

Middle mediastinum

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10
Q

Sternal angle is the level of transverse thoracic plane
T- to T-

________ starts and ends at this level

A

T4-T5

Aorta

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11
Q

The heart is slightly rotated
________ border is located more anteriorly

Base of the heart: it’s posterosuperior surface is mainly the ________ atrium

________ ________ of the heart is formed by the great arterial vessels and the superior vena cava

A

right

left

superior border

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11
Q

The heart is slightly rotated
________ border is located more anteriorly

Base of the heart: it’s posterosuperior surface is mainly the ________ atrium

________ ________ of the heart is formed by the great arterial vessels and the superior vena cava

A

Right
Left
Superior border

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12
Q

________ is the inferior conical end

A

Apex

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13
Q

________ ________ is formed by right ventricle

A

Inferior border

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14
Q

The ________ ________is a tough sac around the heart that restricts heart movements within thorax

A

Fibrous pericardium

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15
Q

The serous pericardium has what two layers

A

Parietal and visceral

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16
Q

The ________ ________ is a thin space between the parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium containing serous fluid

A

Pericardial caity

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17
Q

Fibrous pericardium is fused to ________ pericardium

A

Parietal

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18
Q

Visceral layer of serous pericardium is also called

A

Epicardium

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19
Q

The cardiac muscle and thickest of three layers is

A

Myocardium

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20
Q

The internal surface of heart chambers is called

A

Endocardium

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21
Q

Epicardium is made of what CT

A

Areolar

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22
Q

Endocardium is made of what 2 CTs

A

Simple squamous, areolar

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23
Q

The wall of the _________ ventricle is about 3 times thicker than the _________ ventricle

A

Left, Right

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24
Q

The 2 coordinated masses of fibers that coordinate the heart are called

A

Syncitiums

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25
Q

Cardiac muscle cells are arranged in _________ bundles around the heart chambers

When atria contract, they _________ the walls of the chambers inwards to move blood into ventricles

When _________ contracts, the heart contracts like the wringing of a mop;
- Begins at _________ of heart of heart and compresses superiorly, moving blood into the _________ _________

A

Spiral

Compress

Ventricles
Apex, great arteries

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26
Q

Heart development begins in week _________ of embryonic development.
- Heart tubes (endocardial tubes) form from the _________ and fuse in day 21

What are the expansions of the tube?

Tube folds to become S-shape

A

3

mesoderm

Sinus venosus, primitve atrium, primitive ventricle, bulbus cordis

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27
Q

What are the 2 fetal remnants?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum
Fossa ovalis

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28
Q

anterior part of each atrium forms an _________

A

Auricle

29
Q

_________ _________ is a groove separating atria and ventricles

A

Coronary sulcus

30
Q

_________ ______ _________ and _________ _________ _________ bring blood from circulation

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

31
Q

Ligamentum arteriosum connects _________ _________ to _________ _________ _________

A

Ascending aorta, left pulmonary artery

32
Q

The right and left coronary arteries travel within _________ _________ and supply _________ _________ with oxygen and nutrients

Branches off _________ _________ just superior to aortic semilunar valve

A

Coronary sulcus, heart wall

Ascending aorta

33
Q

The right coronary artery branches into
_________ artery
- This artery supplies the _________ border of the heart

_________ _________ artery
- Supplies _________ surfaces of left and right ventricles

A

Right marginal
Right

Posterior inventricular artery
posterior

34
Q

The left coronary artery branches into
_________ _________ artery
- also called left anterior descending artery
- Supplies _________ surfaces of both ventricles and most of _________ _________

_________ artery
- Supplies the _________ atrium and ventricle

A

Anterior inventricular
- anterior, inventricular septum

Circumflex
- Left

35
Q

What vein runs alongside anterior interventricular artery

A

Great cardiac

36
Q

What vein runs alongside posterior interventricular artery

A

Middle cardiac vein

37
Q

What vein travels close to right marginal artery

A

Small cardiac

38
Q

What two valves close and cause the first “lubb” sound

A

Atrioventricular

39
Q

What two valves close and cause the second “dupp” sound

A

Semilunar

40
Q

What are the two atrioventricular valves

A

Tricuspid and bicuspid valves

41
Q

What are the two semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary, aortic

42
Q

_________ _________ separates ventricles
_________separates atria

A

Interventricular septum
Interatrial septum

43
Q

Pectinate muscles are in the _________

A

Atria

44
Q

Trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles are in the _________

A

Ventricles

45
Q

The semilunar valves are at the base of _________

A

Arteries

46
Q

What the bicuspid valve is open, the _________ _________ are slacking and the _________ _________ are relaxed

A

Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles

47
Q

When the bicuspid valve is closed, the chordae tendinae is _________ and the papillary muscles are _________

A

Taut, contracted

48
Q

There is _________ CT between atria and ventricles
Provides structural support and acts as an _________ _________ between atria and ventricles

A

Dense irregular, electrical insulator

49
Q

A cardiac cycle is the time from the start of one heartbeat to the start of the next one.

A cycle contains contraction and relaxation
- Contraction of the chamber is called _________
- Relaxation of the chamber is called _________

A

Systole
Diastole

50
Q

_________ valves open in systole

A

Semilunar

51
Q

_________ valves open in distole

A

Atrioventricular

52
Q

Blood flows from high pressure to low pressure

Blood flows from _________ to atria under LOW pressure

Heart _________ keep blood flowing in one directly

A

Veins
Valves

53
Q

About 70% of ventricular filling occurs when chambers are _________
_________ _________ fulls the final 30%

A

Relaxed
Atrial systole

54
Q

Ventricular systole _________ blood pressure in ventricles

_________ valves are forced closed
_________ valves open to allow blood to pass to _________ _________

A

Increases

AV
Semilunar, great arteries

55
Q

What are the steps of blood flow starting from systemic vein?

A

systemic veins, Superior/inferior vena cava, right atrium, right atrioventricular valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary trunk and arteries, gas exchange in lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left atrioventricular valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta, systemic arteries, gas exchange in peripheral tissue

56
Q

The heart exhibits ___________

Electrical impulses begin at the ___________ ___________ (heart’s pacemaker)
- Located on ___________ wall of ___________adjacent to opening of superior vena cava

A

Autorhythmicity

Sinoatrial node
- posterior, right atrium

57
Q

Impulse from SA node travel via ___________ junctions to left atrium and ___________ node on floor of right atrium
- Impulse is paused at __________ node delaying activation of ventricles as they fill with blood

A

Gap, atrioventricular

AV

58
Q

Impulse leaves AV node, enters ___________ ___________ extending into interventricular septum

A

AV bundle (Bundle of His)

59
Q

Once within the septum, the AV bundle divides into ___________ and ___________ bundles (bundle branches)

A

Left and right

60
Q

Bundle branches pass impulse to ___________ ___________

A

Purkinje fibers

61
Q

Purkinje fibers begin at ___________ ___________

A

Heart apex

62
Q

Purkinje fibers spread impulse superiorly from apex to all of ___________ myocardium

A

Ventricular

63
Q

P wave:
QRS complex:
T wave:

A

Atrial depolarization
Ventricular (And atrial) depolarization
Ventricular repolarization

64
Q

Cardiac muscle is striated with extensive ___________ ___________ similar to skeletal muscle

Cardiac muscle fibers contract as a single unit
- Connected with ___________ junctions as parts of ___________ ___________ between adjacent fibers

A

Capillary networks

Gap, intercalated discs

65
Q

Each electrical impulse is distributed immediately and spontaneously throughout myocardium

There is also ___________ contact between SR and T-tubules
(There are no triads)

A

Less

66
Q

What does autonomic innervation do?

A

Increase or decreases rate of heartbeat
does not INITIATE heartbeat

67
Q

Sympathetic innervation starts with neurons T- to T-

A

T1-T5

68
Q

___________ axons enter sympathetic trunk and synapse on ___________ ___________

A

Preganglionic, ganglionic neurons

69
Q

___________ axons project from cervical and thoracic ganglia and travel to heart via cardia nerves

A

Postganglionic

70
Q

Sympathetic input ___________ rate and force of heart contractions

A

Increases

71
Q

Parasympathetic innervation starts with neurons in ___________ ___________ via left and right ___________ nerve
- PS activity ___________ heart rate but has no effect on force of contraction

A

medulla oblangata, vagus nerve
Decreases

Anatomy (21 decks)

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