Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > 4.03 - Respiratory system > Flashcards

4.03 - Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

Conducting portion is where only _________ _________ occurs

Respiratory portion is where _________ _________ occurs

A

Air transport

Gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

External respiration is exchange between _________ and _________

Internal respiration is exchange between _________ and _________ _________

A

Atmosphere and blood

blood and body cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The _________ is the main conducting airway for inhaled air

Supported anteroinferiorly from bridge by _________ _________
- Contains _________ and _________ cartilage

A

nose

Dorsum nasi

Lateral, alar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The nasal cavity begins as the internal component of the nose and ends as openings to the _________ known as _________

A

Nasopharnx, choanae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_________ is the anterior region of nasal cavity
Hairs are called _________

A

Vestibule
Vibrissae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nasal cavity is lined with _________ epithelium
Superior part of nasal cavity has _________ epithelium

A

Pseudostratified
Olfactory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Superior, middle, and inferior _________ _________ form the lateral wall
- condition the air within the nasal cavity
- each concha has a _________ _________ (air passage) underneat it

A

Nasal conchae

Nasal meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The superior, middle, and inferior nasal concha form the ___________ ___________

A

Nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What forms the larynx?

A

Epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the four paranasal sinuses?

A

Ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, maxillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The pharynx is the ___________

Nasopharynx:
Posterior to ___________ ___________ and superior to ___________ ___________
- Lined with ___________ ___________ ___________ epithelium
- Only ___________ passes through
- opening of ___________ ___________ found in lateral walls
- Posterior there is a ___________ Tonsil

A

throat

nasal cavity, soft palate

  • pseudostratified ciliated columnar
  • air
  • auditory tubes
  • pharyngeal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oropharynx is bounded
- superiorly by ___________ ___________
- Inferiorly by ___________ ___________

Line with ___________ ___________ ___________epithelium

opening of oral cavity into oropharynx is the ___________

Two pair of muscular arches on lateral walls of fauces

___________ tonsils are embedded in lateral walls between arches

___________ tonsils are at base of the tongue

A

soft palate
hyoid bone

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Fauces

Palatine
Lingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Laryngopharynx
- Starts inferior to ___________ ___________ and extends on top of ___________

Lined with ___________ ___________ ___________ epithelium
- resists ___________ from food

A

Hyoid bone, esophagus

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Abrasion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Larynx connects ___________ to ___________
- serves as a passageway for air
- Prevents ingested materials from entering ___________ and ___________
- Produces sounds for ___________

A

Pharynx to trachea

Trachea, bronchi

Speech

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is valsalva maneuver?

A

Attempting to exhale while nose and mouth are both closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

___________ ___________ connects pharynx and larynx

The ___________ cartilage is the largest cartilage
- has anterior and lateral wall but no ___________ wall
- V- shaped anterior projection is called ___________ ___________
- Usually larger in ___________

A

Laryngeal inlet

thryoid
- posterior
- laryngeal prominence
- males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ring shaped ___________ cartilage is inferior to thyroid cartilage

___________ is a spoon shaped cartilage projecting superiorly into the pharynx
- swallowing causes epiglottis to close the opening to the ___________

A

Cricoid

Epiglottis
Larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the smaller, paired cartilages that help with sound production

A

Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Vocal folds are found in ___________ and are comprised of ___________ ligaments covered by mucous membrane

A

Larynx, vocal ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The opening between vocal cords is called ___________ ___________

A

Rima glottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Glottis consists of ___________ and ___________

A

Vocal folds, rima glottidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What folds enclose the rima vestibuli?
Contain ___________ ligaments

A

Vestibular folds
Vestibulars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vestibular folds are superior to ___________ ___________ to protect them
- Called ___________ vocal cords because doesn’t make sound

A

vocal folds

False

24
Q

What air is forced through rima glottidis, it causes ___________ of vocal cords, resulting in sound

  • Vocal range depends on ___________ and ___________ of vocal cords
  • Pitch is determined by ___________ on vocal cords
  • Loudness depends on ___________ of air passing across vocal cords
A

Vibration

Length, thickness

Tension

Force

25
Q

Trachea is anterior to ___________
inferior to ___________
superior to ___________

Supported by C shaped ___________ ___________ connected by ___________ ___________

A

Esophagus
Larynx
Bronchi

Tracheal cartilages, annular ligaments

26
Q

Posteriorly, the ends of tracheal cartilage are connected by ___________ muscle

The mucosa is lined with ___________ ___________ epithelium containing mucin secreting ___________ cells

A

Trachealis

Pseudostratified columnar

Goblet

27
Q

At ___________ ___________, trachea splits into right and left main bronchi (primary bronchi)
- Continues splitting to smaller tubes

  • Each main bronchi splits into ___________ ___________ (secondary)
A

Sternal angle

Lobar bronchi

28
Q

Each lobar bronchi splits into ___________ bronchi (tertiary)

Large bronchi lined with ___________ epithelium
Small bronchi lined with ___________ epithelium

A ring of ___________ muscle sits between mucosa and cartilage bronchial wall

A

Segmental

Pseudostratified
Columnar

smooth

29
Q

Bronchi less than 1 mm are ___________

A

Bronchioles

30
Q

Bronchiole walls do not contain ___________ but have a thick layer of ___________ muscle

  • contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle results in ___________ and ___________
  • Final segment of conducting pathway has ___________ ___________
A

Cartilage, smooth

Bronchoconstriction, bronchodilation

Terminal bronchioles

31
Q

Terminal bronchioles branch into ___________ bronchioles

A

Respiratory

32
Q

Respiratory bronchioles branch into ___________ ___________
- end with dilated ___________ ___________

Contain small saccular outpocketings called ___________

  • Thin wall of alveoli is where ___________ diffuse between blood and air in lungs
A

Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar ducts

Alveolar sac

Alveoli

gases

33
Q

Alveolar type 1:

Abundant ___________ ___________ epithelial cells promote rapid ___________ of gases

A

Simple squamous
Diffusion

34
Q

Alveolar type 2:

___________ in shape
Produce ___________ ___________ which decreases ___________ tensions within alveolus and prevents collapse

___________ ___________ may be fixed or free and engulf microorganism and particulates in alveolus

A

Cuboidal

Pulmonary surfactant

Surface

Alveolar macrophages

35
Q

Respiratory membrane is the thin well between ___________ ___________ and ___________ across which gases diffuse

Consists of
- Membrane of type ___________ alveolar cells
- membrane of ___________ cell
- Fused ___________ ___________

A

Alveolar lumen, blood

  • 1
  • capillary
  • Basement membrane
36
Q

The outside of the lung and inside of thoracic wall is lined by ___________ which is ___________ membrane formed by ___________ ___________ epithelium

A

Pleura, serious

Simple squamous

37
Q

___________ pleura tightly adheres to lung

___________ pleura lines the inside of chest wall

A

Visceral
Parietal

38
Q

The space between the two pleura is called the ___________ ___________

A

Pleural cavity

39
Q

Each lung has a ___________ inferior base resting on diaphragm and a pointed superior ___________ projective above ___________.

Lungs ___________ surface contacts rubs

A

Broad, apex, clavicle

Costal

40
Q

___________ lung is slight smaller then ___________ lung to accomodate heart

A

Left, right

41
Q

Left lung has a medial surface indentation called the ___________ ___________

Anterior surface indentation called ___________ ___________

  • Has ___________ ___________ that divides lung into superior and inferior lobs

Superior lobe has ___________ that is homologous to middle lobe of right lung

A

Cardiac impression

Cardiac notch

Oblique fissure

Lingula

42
Q

Right lung: ___________ fissure and ___________ fissure divide into superior, middle, inferior lobes

A

Oblique, horizontal

43
Q

Lungs mediastinal surface faces ___________

  • houses a concave called ___________
  • The ___________ of lung enters it
  • Consists of ___________, ___________,___________, ___________
A

Medially

Hilum
root
bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves

44
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments are in left lobe?
How many in right lobe?

A

10
8-10

45
Q

Order segment, lobule, lobe from largest to smallest

A

Lobe>segment<lobule

46
Q

___________ circulation conducts blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces of lungs

___________ circulation is part of systemic circulation that delivers blood to and from the bronchi and bronchioles
- ___________ (larger or smaller) than pulmonary system
- tiny bronchial arteries branch off ___________ to supply ___________ ___________
- bronchial veins drain into ___________ system

A

Pulmonary

Bronchial
- smaller
- aorta, bronchial tree
- azygous

47
Q

___________ ___________ and vessels are located within lungs and around bronchi and pleura

A

lymph nodes

48
Q

Order of lymph flow

A

Pulmonary lymph nodes –> bronchopulmonary lymp nodes –> tracheobronchial lymph nodes –> left and right bronchomediastinal trunks

49
Q

Skeletal muscles of respiration and sound production involve ___________ (voluntary control)

The larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs are innervated by the ___________ nervous system
- Sympathetic and parasympathetic form the ___________ ___________

A

Somatic

Autonomic

Pulmonary plexus

50
Q

Sympathetic stimulation causes ___________

Parasympathetic stimulation causes ___________

A

Bronchodilation

Bronchoconstriction

51
Q

Brain step respirator center controls rate and depth of breathing
- includes ___________ respiratory center ___________
- ___________ respiratory with ___________

A

Medullary, medulla

Pontine, pons

52
Q

Muscles of quiet inhalation:

Muscles of quiet exhalation

A

Diaphragm, external intercostals

Passive recoil

53
Q

Muscles of forced inhalation:
- Allow deeper inspirations by increasing thoracic cavity expansions when they contract

A

Sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, pextoralis minor, serratus posterior superior, erector spinae

54
Q

Muscles of forced exhalation:
- Contract during hard exhalations and decreases thoracic volume

A

Internal intercostals, abdominal muscles, transversus thoracis, serratus posterior inferior

55
Q

Boyle’s law: volume and pressure are ___________ related

A

inversely

56
Q

During inhalation and exhalation, the thoracic cavity exchanges in all 3 dimensions

  • Vertical changes result from ___________ movement
  • Lateral changes from ___________ ___________ elevation or depression
  • anterior/posterior changes occur as the ___________ moves
A

Diaphragm
Rib cage
- sternum

Anatomy (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions