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Anatomy > 4.07 Reproductive system I > Flashcards

4.07 Reproductive system I Flashcards

1
Q

The___________ is a region between thighs
- bounded by ___________ ___________, ___________ ___________, and ___________

A

Perineum

Pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities, coccyx

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2
Q

Urogenital triangle: contains what in females?

A

Urethral and vaginal orifices

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3
Q

Urogenital triangle contains what in males?

A

base of penis and scrotum

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4
Q

Anal triangle contains what?

A

Anus and external anal sphincter

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5
Q

Male and female reproductive systems have ___________ ___________

  • both systems have primary sex organs called ___________
  • what is it in females?
  • what is it in males?
A

Homologous structures

gonads
ovaries
testes

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6
Q

Gonads produce sex cells called ___________
- what is it in females?
- what is in males?

A

Gametes

Oocytes
sperm

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7
Q

Gonads produce sex hormones
- what are they in females?
- what are they in males?

A

Estrogen, progesterone

Testosterone

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8
Q

___________ pouch: space between uterus and urinary bladder

___________ pouch: space between uterus and rectum

A

Vesicouterine

Rectouterine

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9
Q

Ligaments near ovaries

Mesometrium: mesentery of ___________

Mesosalpinx: mesentery of ___________

Mesovarium: Mesentery of ___________

A

Uterus, largest part of broad ligament

uterine tube

Ovary

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10
Q

What does ovarian ligament do?

A

Anchors ovary to lateral uterus

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11
Q

What does suspensory ligament of ovary do?

A

Attaches lateral ovary to pelvic wall

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12
Q

Every ovary is surrounded by what epithelium?

A

Germinal epithelium

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13
Q

What type of epithelium is germinal epithelium?

A

SImple cuboidal

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14
Q

Deep to germinal epithelium is ___________ ___________

A

Tunica Albuginea

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15
Q

Deep to tunica albuginea, ovary is divided into what?

A

Outer cortex, inner medulla

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16
Q

The cortex contains what?

A

Ovarian follicles

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17
Q

Medulla contains what?

A

CT, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves

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18
Q

Within ovary cortex is ___________ ___________

A

Ovarian follicles

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19
Q

A follicle consists of an ___________ surrounded by ___________ __________

A

Oocyte, follicle cells

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20
Q

Stages of development of follicles

A

Primordial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle, antral follicle, mature follicle, corpus luteam, corpus albicans

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21
Q

Primordial follicles consist of ___________ ___________ cells surrounded by a layer of ___________ cells

A

Primary oocyte
Squamous follicle cells

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22
Q

A primary follicle has a ___________ ___________ surrounded by a single layer of ___________ ___________ cells

  • A ___________ ___________ of extracellular matrix (glycoprotein) surrounds the plasma membrane of the oocyte
A

primary oocyte
cuboidal granulosa

Zona pellucida

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23
Q

A secondary follicle contains a primary oocyte, many layers of ___________, and some ___________ cells (connective tissue)

A

Granulosa, thecal

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24
Q

A primary oocyte is arrested in what phase?

A secondary oocyte is arrested in what phase?

A

Prophase I

Metaphase II

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25
Q

The only ovarian follicle containing a secondary oocyte is a ___________ ___________

A

Mature follicle

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26
Q

An antral follicle contains fluid-filled ___________ with granulosa cells
- ___________ ___________ is innermost layer of granulosa that make up ___________ ___________ surrounding oocyte

A

antrum
- corona radiate, cumulus oophorus

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27
Q

A mature follicle contains ___________ oocyte, numerous granulosa cells, and large fluid-filled ___________
- typically how many mature follicles form each month?

A

Secondary, atrum

1

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28
Q

After oocyte is ovulated, remnants of follicles become ___________ ___________

A

Corpus luteum

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29
Q

What does corpus luteum secrete?

A

Progesterone, estrogen

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30
Q

After corapus luteum breaks down, it becomes ___________ ___________, a white CT scar that is then reabsorbed

A

Corpus albicans

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31
Q

Puberty starts when ___________ increases release of what hormone?

A

Hypothalamus

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

32
Q

GnRH stimulates ___________ ___________ to secrete what two hormones?

A

Anterior pituitary
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing (LH)

33
Q

FSH and LH stimulate ___________

A

Gonads

34
Q

___________ is the maturation of a primary oocyte to a secondary oocyte

A

Oogenesis

35
Q

During fetal life, ___________ ___________ cells (___________) start oogenesis
- are arrested as primary oocytes in what phase?

A

Primordial germ, oogonia

Prophase I

36
Q

During childhood, ovaries are inactive and some primordial follicles degenerate called ___________

A

Atresia

37
Q

Follicular phase spans from what days?
- ___________ and ___________follicle to rapidly grow
- as ___________ ___________ matures, it’s oocytes finishes meiosis

A

Day 1-13
FSH, LH

Antral follicle

38
Q

___________ occurs on day 14

a peak in ___________ secretion causes mature follicle to swell and rupture, expelling what?

A

Ovulation
LH

Secondary oocyte

39
Q

___________ phase is from day 15-28
Granulosa cells of former follicle becomes ___________ ___________

  • secretes what hormones to prepare for pregnancy?
  • if no fertilization occurs, ___________ ___________ degenerates
A

Luteal, corpus luteum

Estrogen, progesterone

corpus luteam

40
Q

If no fertilization occurs during ovulation, estrogen/progesterone (increases/decreases)
- results in ___________

A

Decreases

Menstruation

41
Q

The first menstruation is called ___________

A

Menarche

42
Q

Uterine tubes extend ___________ from both sides of uterus towards ovaries

A

laterally

43
Q

The ___________ ___________ is fertilized in lateral part of uterine tube

  • takes pre-emrbyo how many days to travel length of uterine tube and reach lumen of uterus
A

secondary oocyte

3

44
Q

Tubes are 10-12 cm and are covered by ___________ part of the broad ligament

A

Mesosalpinx

45
Q

Regions of uterine tube
- Infubdibulum: funnel-like lateral margin of tube with fingerlike projections called ___________

  • Ampulla: expanded region medial to infundibulum where ___________ occurs
  • Isthmus: medial to ___________ and 1/3 of uterine tube
  • Uterine part: medial to isthmus, ___________ with uterus
A

Fimbriae

fertilization

ampulla

Continuous

46
Q

Which part of uterine tube does fertilization occur in?

A

Ampulla

47
Q

Uterine tube has___________ cells with ___________

and ___________ cells

A

Peg cells, microilli

Simple columnar epithelium

48
Q

Are peg cells ciliated or non-ciliated?

A

nonciliated

49
Q

Uterus has a ___________ that is continuous with uterine tubes

Uterine tube is ___________ to uterus
Vagina is ___________ to uterus

A

Lumen

superolateral
inferior

50
Q

What is the position of the uterus?
(Anterosuperior across superiro surface of urinary bladder)

A

Anteverted

51
Q

If position of uterus is posterosuperior (projecting towards rectum), the position is called ___________

A

Retroverted

52
Q

What are uterine functions?

A

Site of implantation
Supports and protects development of fetus
Ejects fetus during birth

53
Q

Regions of uterus

Fundus:
Body:
Isthmus: constricted segment between ___________ and ___________

Cervix: Narrow inferior part projecting into vagina
- within cervix there is a ___________ ___________ that connects to vagina

  • superior opening to cervical canal is ___________ ___________
  • inferior opening is ___________ ___________ which contains mucus plug
A

Superior dome
major part with thick walls
body and cervix

cervical canal

internal os

external os

54
Q

What is a pap smear?

A

diagnostic method for cervical cancer screening

55
Q

Layers of uterus wall

Perimetrium: ___________ layer, composed of ___________

Myometrium: Thick, middle tunic of smooth muscle capable of ___________ and ___________ during pregnancy

Endometrium: mucosa of simple columnar epithelium and underlying lamina propria with ___________ ___________

A

Outermost, serosa

hypertrophy, hyperplasia

uterine glands

56
Q

Basal layer of endometrium: undergoes ___________ change during uterine cycle

Functional layer of endometrium: changes ___________ during uterine circle
- what happens to it if fertilization and implantation don’t occur?

A

Little

thickness
it sheds

57
Q

Uterine cycle
- changes in ___________ as influenced by what hormones?

A

Endometrium
progesterone, estrogen

58
Q

Three phases of menstrual cycle

Menstrual phase: what days?
- Menstrual ___________

Proliferative phase: what days?
- development of endometrium’s ___________ layer

Secretory phase: what days?
- increased ___________ and development of ___________ ___________
- due to high___________ levels

A

Days 1-5
bleeding

6-15
functional

15-28
vascularization, uterine glands
- progesterone

59
Q

Vagina is 10 cm long and connects ___________ to outside of body

  • What are the 3 tunics?

-mucosa is ___________ epithelium with highly ___________ lamina propria

A

Uterus

mucosa, muscularis, adventitia

nonkeratinized stratified squamous, vascularized

60
Q

Opening of vagina is called ___________ ___________

near opening, folds of ___________ from a memranous barrier called ___________

A

Vaginal orifice

mucosa, hymen

61
Q

___________ ___________ is expanse of skin and subcutaneous CT anterior to pubic symphysis

A

Mons pubis

62
Q

___________ ___________ are paired, thickened folds of skin covered with hair
- contains what glands?

A

Labia majora
- sebaceous, sweat

63
Q

___________ ___________ is paired folds medial to labia majora, no hair
- highly ___________
- contains many ___________

  • space between them is ___________
A

Labia minora

vascularized
melanocytes

vestibule

64
Q

What is between the vestibule of labia minora?

A

Urethral opening and vaginal orifice

65
Q

___________ ___________of vestibule on either vaginal orifice increase sensitivity during intercourse

A

Erectile bulbs

66
Q

A pair of ___________ glands secrete mucin to lubricate vagina

A

Greater vestibular glands

67
Q

The ___________ is a small erectile body located anterior to labia majora

A

Clitoris

68
Q

___________ ___________ form the body of the clitoris

  • ___________ caps the body of the clitoris
  • The ___________ is an external fold of labia minora that forms hood over clitoris
A

Corpora cavernosa

glans

prepuse

69
Q

Each mammary gland is ___________ ___________ ___________ gland that functions to produce and secrete milk

A

Compound tubuloalveolar gland

70
Q

The ___________ is a cylindrical projection of breast containing multiple openings from internal secretory ducts

A

Nipple

71
Q

___________ is pigmented ring around nipple

A

Areola

72
Q

Suspensory ligaments are CT that support breast by attaching skin to deep fascia of ___________ ___________ muscle

A

Pectoralis major

73
Q

Mammary glands are divided into ___________ which divide into ___________

A

Lobes, lobules

74
Q

Lobules contain secretory units called ___________ that produce milk

milk drains into ___________ ___________

A

Alveoli

lactiferous ducts

75
Q

___________ ___________ are expansions of ducts as they approach nipple

A

Lactiferous sinuses

Anatomy (21 decks)

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