4.07 Reproductive system I Flashcards
The___________ is a region between thighs
- bounded by ___________ ___________, ___________ ___________, and ___________
Perineum
Pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities, coccyx
Urogenital triangle: contains what in females?
Urethral and vaginal orifices
Urogenital triangle contains what in males?
base of penis and scrotum
Anal triangle contains what?
Anus and external anal sphincter
Male and female reproductive systems have ___________ ___________
- both systems have primary sex organs called ___________
- what is it in females?
- what is it in males?
Homologous structures
gonads
ovaries
testes
Gonads produce sex cells called ___________
- what is it in females?
- what is in males?
Gametes
Oocytes
sperm
Gonads produce sex hormones
- what are they in females?
- what are they in males?
Estrogen, progesterone
Testosterone
___________ pouch: space between uterus and urinary bladder
___________ pouch: space between uterus and rectum
Vesicouterine
Rectouterine
Ligaments near ovaries
Mesometrium: mesentery of ___________
Mesosalpinx: mesentery of ___________
Mesovarium: Mesentery of ___________
Uterus, largest part of broad ligament
uterine tube
Ovary
What does ovarian ligament do?
Anchors ovary to lateral uterus
What does suspensory ligament of ovary do?
Attaches lateral ovary to pelvic wall
Every ovary is surrounded by what epithelium?
Germinal epithelium
What type of epithelium is germinal epithelium?
SImple cuboidal
Deep to germinal epithelium is ___________ ___________
Tunica Albuginea
Deep to tunica albuginea, ovary is divided into what?
Outer cortex, inner medulla
The cortex contains what?
Ovarian follicles
Medulla contains what?
CT, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves
Within ovary cortex is ___________ ___________
Ovarian follicles
A follicle consists of an ___________ surrounded by ___________ __________
Oocyte, follicle cells
Stages of development of follicles
Primordial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle, antral follicle, mature follicle, corpus luteam, corpus albicans
Primordial follicles consist of ___________ ___________ cells surrounded by a layer of ___________ cells
Primary oocyte
Squamous follicle cells
A primary follicle has a ___________ ___________ surrounded by a single layer of ___________ ___________ cells
- A ___________ ___________ of extracellular matrix (glycoprotein) surrounds the plasma membrane of the oocyte
primary oocyte
cuboidal granulosa
Zona pellucida
A secondary follicle contains a primary oocyte, many layers of ___________, and some ___________ cells (connective tissue)
Granulosa, thecal
A primary oocyte is arrested in what phase?
A secondary oocyte is arrested in what phase?
Prophase I
Metaphase II
The only ovarian follicle containing a secondary oocyte is a ___________ ___________
Mature follicle
An antral follicle contains fluid-filled ___________ with granulosa cells
- ___________ ___________ is innermost layer of granulosa that make up ___________ ___________ surrounding oocyte
antrum
- corona radiate, cumulus oophorus
A mature follicle contains ___________ oocyte, numerous granulosa cells, and large fluid-filled ___________
- typically how many mature follicles form each month?
Secondary, atrum
1
After oocyte is ovulated, remnants of follicles become ___________ ___________
Corpus luteum
What does corpus luteum secrete?
Progesterone, estrogen
After corapus luteum breaks down, it becomes ___________ ___________, a white CT scar that is then reabsorbed
Corpus albicans
Puberty starts when ___________ increases release of what hormone?
Hypothalamus
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
GnRH stimulates ___________ ___________ to secrete what two hormones?
Anterior pituitary
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing (LH)
FSH and LH stimulate ___________
Gonads
___________ is the maturation of a primary oocyte to a secondary oocyte
Oogenesis
During fetal life, ___________ ___________ cells (___________) start oogenesis
- are arrested as primary oocytes in what phase?
Primordial germ, oogonia
Prophase I
During childhood, ovaries are inactive and some primordial follicles degenerate called ___________
Atresia
Follicular phase spans from what days?
- ___________ and ___________follicle to rapidly grow
- as ___________ ___________ matures, it’s oocytes finishes meiosis
Day 1-13
FSH, LH
Antral follicle
___________ occurs on day 14
a peak in ___________ secretion causes mature follicle to swell and rupture, expelling what?
Ovulation
LH
Secondary oocyte
___________ phase is from day 15-28
Granulosa cells of former follicle becomes ___________ ___________
- secretes what hormones to prepare for pregnancy?
- if no fertilization occurs, ___________ ___________ degenerates
Luteal, corpus luteum
Estrogen, progesterone
corpus luteam
If no fertilization occurs during ovulation, estrogen/progesterone (increases/decreases)
- results in ___________
Decreases
Menstruation
The first menstruation is called ___________
Menarche
Uterine tubes extend ___________ from both sides of uterus towards ovaries
laterally
The ___________ ___________ is fertilized in lateral part of uterine tube
- takes pre-emrbyo how many days to travel length of uterine tube and reach lumen of uterus
secondary oocyte
3
Tubes are 10-12 cm and are covered by ___________ part of the broad ligament
Mesosalpinx
Regions of uterine tube
- Infubdibulum: funnel-like lateral margin of tube with fingerlike projections called ___________
- Ampulla: expanded region medial to infundibulum where ___________ occurs
- Isthmus: medial to ___________ and 1/3 of uterine tube
- Uterine part: medial to isthmus, ___________ with uterus
Fimbriae
fertilization
ampulla
Continuous
Which part of uterine tube does fertilization occur in?
Ampulla
Uterine tube has___________ cells with ___________
and ___________ cells
Peg cells, microilli
Simple columnar epithelium
Are peg cells ciliated or non-ciliated?
nonciliated
Uterus has a ___________ that is continuous with uterine tubes
Uterine tube is ___________ to uterus
Vagina is ___________ to uterus
Lumen
superolateral
inferior
What is the position of the uterus?
(Anterosuperior across superiro surface of urinary bladder)
Anteverted
If position of uterus is posterosuperior (projecting towards rectum), the position is called ___________
Retroverted
What are uterine functions?
Site of implantation
Supports and protects development of fetus
Ejects fetus during birth
Regions of uterus
Fundus:
Body:
Isthmus: constricted segment between ___________ and ___________
Cervix: Narrow inferior part projecting into vagina
- within cervix there is a ___________ ___________ that connects to vagina
- superior opening to cervical canal is ___________ ___________
- inferior opening is ___________ ___________ which contains mucus plug
Superior dome
major part with thick walls
body and cervix
cervical canal
internal os
external os
What is a pap smear?
diagnostic method for cervical cancer screening
Layers of uterus wall
Perimetrium: ___________ layer, composed of ___________
Myometrium: Thick, middle tunic of smooth muscle capable of ___________ and ___________ during pregnancy
Endometrium: mucosa of simple columnar epithelium and underlying lamina propria with ___________ ___________
Outermost, serosa
hypertrophy, hyperplasia
uterine glands
Basal layer of endometrium: undergoes ___________ change during uterine cycle
Functional layer of endometrium: changes ___________ during uterine circle
- what happens to it if fertilization and implantation don’t occur?
Little
thickness
it sheds
Uterine cycle
- changes in ___________ as influenced by what hormones?
Endometrium
progesterone, estrogen
Three phases of menstrual cycle
Menstrual phase: what days?
- Menstrual ___________
Proliferative phase: what days?
- development of endometrium’s ___________ layer
Secretory phase: what days?
- increased ___________ and development of ___________ ___________
- due to high___________ levels
Days 1-5
bleeding
6-15
functional
15-28
vascularization, uterine glands
- progesterone
Vagina is 10 cm long and connects ___________ to outside of body
- What are the 3 tunics?
-mucosa is ___________ epithelium with highly ___________ lamina propria
Uterus
mucosa, muscularis, adventitia
nonkeratinized stratified squamous, vascularized
Opening of vagina is called ___________ ___________
near opening, folds of ___________ from a memranous barrier called ___________
Vaginal orifice
mucosa, hymen
___________ ___________ is expanse of skin and subcutaneous CT anterior to pubic symphysis
Mons pubis
___________ ___________ are paired, thickened folds of skin covered with hair
- contains what glands?
Labia majora
- sebaceous, sweat
___________ ___________ is paired folds medial to labia majora, no hair
- highly ___________
- contains many ___________
- space between them is ___________
Labia minora
vascularized
melanocytes
vestibule
What is between the vestibule of labia minora?
Urethral opening and vaginal orifice
___________ ___________of vestibule on either vaginal orifice increase sensitivity during intercourse
Erectile bulbs
A pair of ___________ glands secrete mucin to lubricate vagina
Greater vestibular glands
The ___________ is a small erectile body located anterior to labia majora
Clitoris
___________ ___________ form the body of the clitoris
- ___________ caps the body of the clitoris
- The ___________ is an external fold of labia minora that forms hood over clitoris
Corpora cavernosa
glans
prepuse
Each mammary gland is ___________ ___________ ___________ gland that functions to produce and secrete milk
Compound tubuloalveolar gland
The ___________ is a cylindrical projection of breast containing multiple openings from internal secretory ducts
Nipple
___________ is pigmented ring around nipple
Areola
Suspensory ligaments are CT that support breast by attaching skin to deep fascia of ___________ ___________ muscle
Pectoralis major
Mammary glands are divided into ___________ which divide into ___________
Lobes, lobules
Lobules contain secretory units called ___________ that produce milk
milk drains into ___________ ___________
Alveoli
lactiferous ducts
___________ ___________ are expansions of ducts as they approach nipple
Lactiferous sinuses
