4.02 - Blood Vessels Flashcards
1
Q
What carries blood away from the heart
A
Arteries
2
Q
Arteries become _________ as they branch and lead to _________
A
Smaller, capillaries
3
Q
_________ return blood to the heart
A
Veins
4
Q
Veins become _________ as they merge and approach heart
A
larger
5
Q
An _________ is a convergence of two or more vessels that normally diverge
A
Anastosmosis
6
Q
What arteries give only a single way to reach an organ
A
End arteries
7
Q
Do end arteries anastomose?
A
No
8
Q
What arteries anastomose but it is tiny and insignificant
A
Functional end arteries
9
Q
_________ arteries are arteries and veins that lie next to each other
A
Companion
10
Q
________ _________ are a pair of veins that accompany an artery
A
Vanae comitantes
11
Q
Axillary artery and vein are an example of _________ vessels
A
companion
12
Q
Brachial arteries are an example of _________ _________
A
Venae comitantes
13
Q
Tunica intimia is composed of
- endothelium (_________ _________ lining)
- Subendothelial layer of _________ CT
A
Simple squamous
Areolar
14
Q
Tunica media
- Comprised of circularly arranged _________ muscle
_________ activity causes muscle to contract resulting in _________
A
Smooth
Sympathetic, vasoconstriction
15
Q
Tunica externa
outer CT that helps _________ blood vessels to surrounding
large blood vessels require _________ _________
- Their own network of blood small vessels on outer layer
A
anchor
Vaso vasorum
16
Q
Capillary walls only contain _________ _________ with the basement membrane
A
Tunica intima
17
Q
Arteries are _________ than companion vein lumen
A
Narrower
18
Q
Veins are _________ than artery lumen
A
Wider
19
Q
Arteries are veins are (thicker or thinner)than companion vein
A
thicker
20
Q
Veins are (thicker or thinner) than companion artery
A
Thinner
21
Q
The thickest tunic in artery is
A
Tunica media
22
Q
The thickest tunic in vein is
A
Tunica externa
23
Q
Do arteries have valves?
A
No
24
Q
Do veins have valves?
A
Yes
25
Blood pressure is higher in _______ than _______
Arteries, veins
26
Systemic arteries transport blood _______ in oxygen
Pulmonary arteries transport blood _______ in oxygen
Hight
Low
27
Systemic veins transport blood _______ in oxygen
Pulmonary veins transport blood _______ in oxygen
Low
High
28
In tunica _______, arteries appear wavy because of smooth muscle contraction
Intima
29
In tunica intima, _______ appear wavy because of smooth muscle contraction
Arteries
30
In tunica intima, veins appear _______
Flat
31
In internal elastic lamina, _______ is absent
_______ is present
Veins, artery
32
In external elastic lamina, arteries are present in _______ and _______ arteries
Veins are _______
Medium, large
Absent
33
Capillaries are the _______ blood vessels
Diameter only slightly larger than _______
Allows _______ exchange between blood tissues
Smalles
Erythrocyte
Metabolic
34
In mesentric circulation, each capillary bed is fed by a _________
Several true capillaries branch from the bulk of the capillary bed
Metarteriole
35
The origin of each true capillary has a _________ _________ of smooth muscle around it that controls blood
Centrally metartriole continues distally to _________ _________ which connects to _________ _________
Precapillary sphincter
Thoroughfare channel, postcapillary venule
36
In continuous capillaries, _________ cells form a complete lining aided by _________ junctions
Endothelial
Tight
37
What is the most common type of capillary and is in muscles and brain
Continuous
38
Fenestrated capillaries: endothelial cells. contain _________ that allow fluid exchange between _________ and _________ fluid
pores, blood, interstitial
39
What type of capillary is in small intestine and kidney
Fenestrated
40
Sinusoids have _________ gaps between endothelial cells and discontinuous basement membrane
Allows transport of large molecules from cell to and from blood
Large
41
Which type of capillary has large gaps between endothelial cells and discontinuous basement membrane?
Sinusoid
42
What type of capillary is in bone marrow and liver
Sinusoid
43
Veins drain _________ and return blood to heart
At rest, veins hold _________ percent of body's blood
_________ merge to form veins
Capillaries
60%
Venules
44
Smaller and medium sized veins travel with _________ arteries
Large veins travel with _________ arteries
Muscular
Elastic
45
Blood pressure in veins is _________ than arteries
Most veins contain _________ to prevent pooling
Lower
Valves
46
Valves in veins form from _________ _________
Tunica intima
47
What is the skeletal muscle pump
When muscles bulge they contract and push on veins, helping move blood towards heart
48
Venous return is assisted by the _________ pump
Involves changes in _________ and _________ pressure
Respiratory
Intrathoracic, intra-abdominal
49
Systolic blood pressure is the pressure during _________ _________
Ventricular contraction
50
Diastolic BP is the pressure during _________ _________
Ventricular relaxation
51
Pressure is pulsatile until it reaches _________
Capillaries
52
Pressure decreases from _________ to _________
Aorta to venae cavae
53
Ascending aorta emerges from heart at T- to T-
Gives rise to right and left _________ _________
Ends at level of _________ _________
T4 to T5
Coronary arteries
Sternal angle
54
Order of arteries on aortic arch from left to right:
Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian
55
Aorta continues as descending aorta
Passes through _________ at level of T12
Diaphragm
56
what arteries supply most of the blood to head and neck
Right and left common carotid
57
At the _________ border of the _________ _________, the right and left common carotid arteries divide into _________ and _________ _________ arteries
Superior, thyroid cartilage, external and internal carotid
58
_________ arteries branch from subclavian arteries and enter cranium through foramen magnum where they merge to form basilary artery
Vertebral arteries
59
Vertebral arteries branch from _________ arteries and merge to form _________ artery
Subclavian, basillary
60
What arteries provide blood to vessels that create and anastosmosis called the cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis)
Basilar and internal carotid
61
The basilar and internal carotid arteries form an anastosmosis called the
Cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis)
62
Most cranial venous blood drains through _________ _________ _________
Formed between two layers of _________ mater
Dural venous sinuses
Dura
63
Are there valves in the dural venous sinuses?
- So that....
No
Blood can flow in more than one direction
64
Sigmoid sinuses empty into the _________ _________ vein
Internal jugular
65
Venous blood return is through _________ _________ or _________ _________ vein
- Drain into _________ vein and then into _________ vein
internal jugular, external jugular
Subclavian, brachiocephalic
66
Retromandibular vein runs along the _________
Jaw
67
Unpaired or Paired? (Visceral branches)
Celiac trunk
Suprarenal arteries
Gonadal arteries
Superior mesentric
Inferior mesentric
Renal arteries
U
P
P
U
U
P
68
Paired or unpaired? (parietal branches)
Inferior phrenic arteries
Median sacral
Lumbar arteries
P
U
P
69
Branches of the INTERNAL iliac artery
Superior and inferior gluteal arteries
- Supply _______ region
Obturator artery
- Supplies _______ thigh
Internal pudendal artery
- Supplies the _______ canal and _______
Meddle rectal artery
- Supplies _______
Uterine and vaginal arteries
- Supplies _______ and _______
Gluteal
Medial
Anal, perineum
Rectum
Uterus, vagina
70
What two veins join the superior vena cava
Brachiocephalic, Azygos
71
What vein is on the right side of the superior vena cava that drains blood
Azygos
72
What veins are on the left side of superior vena cava that drain blood
Accessory hemiazygos and hemiazygos
73
The internal thoracic vein is formed by the merger of intercostal, _____________ _____________ and _____________ veins
Superior epigrastric, musculophrenic
74
Inferior epigastric veins merge with _____________ _____________ vein
External iliac
75
Lumbar and posterior intercostal veins enter _____________ system
Azygous
76
Left side drains into the _____________ and _____________ _____________ veins
Hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos
77
The accessory hemiazygos and hemiazygos veins drain into _____________ veins
Azygos
78
Blood from the azygos vein drains into the _____________ _____________ just before it enters the _____________ _____________
Superior vena cava, right atrium
79
The internal thoracic artery arises from what artery
Subclavian
80
The intercostal arteries continues on to become the _____________ _____________ artery which continues on to _____________ _____________ artery
supplies blood to the _____________ abdominal wall
Anterior intercostal
Superior epigastric
Superior
81
The _____________ _____________ artery is a branch of the external iliac artery and supplies blood to the _____________ abdominal wall
forms an anastomosis with the _____________ _____________ artery
Inferior epigastric
inferior
Superior epigastric
82
_____________ artery ends at inferior border of first rib
_____________ artery goes to brain
_____________ goes to anterior thoracic wall
Right subclavian
Vertebral
Internal thoracic
83
Vertebral and internal thoracic arteries branch off _____________ artery
Subclavian
84
Right and left _____________ artery supply blood to upper limb
As it passes over lateral border over first rib, it becomes _____________ artery
Subclavian
Axillary
85
The axillary artery supplies the _____________ and _____________ region
As it passes inferior border of teres major muscle, it becomes _____________ artery
Shoulder, thoracic
Brachial
86
In the cubital fossa, the brachial artery splits into _____________ and _____________ arteries
These arteries anastomose to form the _____________ and _____________ _____________ _____________
_____________ arteries supply fingers
Radial, ulnar
Superficial and deep palmar arches
Digital
87
On the dorsum of the hand, a _____________ _____________ network drains into _____________ and _____________ vein
Dorsal venous, basilic, cephalic
88
In the cubital fossa, basilic and cephalic veins are connected by _____________ vein
*common site for venipuncture
Brachial veins merge with _____________ vein to form the _____________ vein
Median cubital
basilic, axillary
89
Right and left _____________ _____________ arteries supply blood to lower limb
When external iliac artery passes inguinal ligament, it becomes _____________ artery
- Branch is _____________ artery
External iliac
Femoral
Deep femoral
90
The deep femoral artery supplies _____________ _____________ via medial and lateral _____________ arteries
The femoral artery enters the _____________ popliteal fossa, becomes popliteal artery
Hip joint, circumflex
Posterior
91
Popliteal artery supplies _____________ _____________ and muscles
Divides into anterior and posterior _____________ arteries which supply anterior and posterior compartments
knee joint
tibial
92
The posterior tibial artery has a _____________ artery branch
- Supplies _____________ compartment of leg
Posterior tibial artery divides into medial and lateral _____________ arteries
Fibular
Lateral
Plantar
93
The anterior tibial artery becomes _____________ _____________ artery at anterior surface of ANKLE
This artery+branch of lateral planter forms _____________ _____________
_____________ arteries extend from arch to supply toes
Dorsalis pedis
plantar arch
Digital
94
_____________ _____________ arch drains into
Medially: _____________ _____________ vein
Laterally: _____________ _____________ vein
Dorsal venous arch
Great saphenous
Small saphenous
95
Great saphenous vein drains into _____________ vein
Small saphenous vein drains into _____________ vein
Digital and deep veins drain into medial and lateral _____________ veins
- Those drain into a pair of _____________ _____________ veins
Femoral
popliteal
plantar
posterior tibial
96
On the dorsum of foot and ankle, deep veins drain into _____________ _____________veins
Anterior tibial
97
Anterior and posterior tibial marge to form _____________ vein
Popliteal
98
Popliteal vein curves onto anterior thigh and becomes _____________ vein
once it passes inguinal ligament, becomes _____________ _____________ vein
Femoral
External iliac
