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Anatomy > 4.02 - Blood Vessels > Flashcards

4.02 - Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What carries blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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2
Q

Arteries become _________ as they branch and lead to _________

A

Smaller, capillaries

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3
Q

_________ return blood to the heart

A

Veins

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4
Q

Veins become _________ as they merge and approach heart

A

larger

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5
Q

An _________ is a convergence of two or more vessels that normally diverge

A

Anastosmosis

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6
Q

What arteries give only a single way to reach an organ

A

End arteries

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7
Q

Do end arteries anastomose?

A

No

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8
Q

What arteries anastomose but it is tiny and insignificant

A

Functional end arteries

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9
Q

_________ arteries are arteries and veins that lie next to each other

A

Companion

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10
Q

________ _________ are a pair of veins that accompany an artery

A

Vanae comitantes

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11
Q

Axillary artery and vein are an example of _________ vessels

A

companion

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12
Q

Brachial arteries are an example of _________ _________

A

Venae comitantes

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13
Q

Tunica intimia is composed of
- endothelium (_________ _________ lining)
- Subendothelial layer of _________ CT

A

Simple squamous
Areolar

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14
Q

Tunica media
- Comprised of circularly arranged _________ muscle

_________ activity causes muscle to contract resulting in _________

A

Smooth
Sympathetic, vasoconstriction

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15
Q

Tunica externa
outer CT that helps _________ blood vessels to surrounding
large blood vessels require _________ _________
- Their own network of blood small vessels on outer layer

A

anchor
Vaso vasorum

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16
Q

Capillary walls only contain _________ _________ with the basement membrane

A

Tunica intima

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17
Q

Arteries are _________ than companion vein lumen

A

Narrower

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18
Q

Veins are _________ than artery lumen

A

Wider

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19
Q

Arteries are veins are (thicker or thinner)than companion vein

A

thicker

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20
Q

Veins are (thicker or thinner) than companion artery

A

Thinner

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21
Q

The thickest tunic in artery is

A

Tunica media

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22
Q

The thickest tunic in vein is

A

Tunica externa

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23
Q

Do arteries have valves?

A

No

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24
Q

Do veins have valves?

A

Yes

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25
Q

Blood pressure is higher in _______ than _______

A

Arteries, veins

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26
Q

Systemic arteries transport blood _______ in oxygen
Pulmonary arteries transport blood _______ in oxygen

A

Hight
Low

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27
Q

Systemic veins transport blood _______ in oxygen
Pulmonary veins transport blood _______ in oxygen

A

Low
High

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28
Q

In tunica _______, arteries appear wavy because of smooth muscle contraction

A

Intima

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29
Q

In tunica intima, _______ appear wavy because of smooth muscle contraction

A

Arteries

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30
Q

In tunica intima, veins appear _______

A

Flat

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31
Q

In internal elastic lamina, _______ is absent
_______ is present

A

Veins, artery

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32
Q

In external elastic lamina, arteries are present in _______ and _______ arteries

Veins are _______

A

Medium, large

Absent

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33
Q

Capillaries are the _______ blood vessels
Diameter only slightly larger than _______
Allows _______ exchange between blood tissues

A

Smalles
Erythrocyte
Metabolic

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34
Q

In mesentric circulation, each capillary bed is fed by a _________

Several true capillaries branch from the bulk of the capillary bed

A

Metarteriole

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35
Q

The origin of each true capillary has a _________ _________ of smooth muscle around it that controls blood

Centrally metartriole continues distally to _________ _________ which connects to _________ _________

A

Precapillary sphincter

Thoroughfare channel, postcapillary venule

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36
Q

In continuous capillaries, _________ cells form a complete lining aided by _________ junctions

A

Endothelial
Tight

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37
Q

What is the most common type of capillary and is in muscles and brain

A

Continuous

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38
Q

Fenestrated capillaries: endothelial cells. contain _________ that allow fluid exchange between _________ and _________ fluid

A

pores, blood, interstitial

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39
Q

What type of capillary is in small intestine and kidney

A

Fenestrated

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40
Q

Sinusoids have _________ gaps between endothelial cells and discontinuous basement membrane

Allows transport of large molecules from cell to and from blood

A

Large

41
Q

Which type of capillary has large gaps between endothelial cells and discontinuous basement membrane?

A

Sinusoid

42
Q

What type of capillary is in bone marrow and liver

A

Sinusoid

43
Q

Veins drain _________ and return blood to heart
At rest, veins hold _________ percent of body’s blood
_________ merge to form veins

A

Capillaries
60%
Venules

44
Q

Smaller and medium sized veins travel with _________ arteries
Large veins travel with _________ arteries

A

Muscular
Elastic

45
Q

Blood pressure in veins is _________ than arteries
Most veins contain _________ to prevent pooling

A

Lower
Valves

46
Q

Valves in veins form from _________ _________

A

Tunica intima

47
Q

What is the skeletal muscle pump

A

When muscles bulge they contract and push on veins, helping move blood towards heart

48
Q

Venous return is assisted by the _________ pump
Involves changes in _________ and _________ pressure

A

Respiratory
Intrathoracic, intra-abdominal

49
Q

Systolic blood pressure is the pressure during _________ _________

A

Ventricular contraction

50
Q

Diastolic BP is the pressure during _________ _________

A

Ventricular relaxation

51
Q

Pressure is pulsatile until it reaches _________

A

Capillaries

52
Q

Pressure decreases from _________ to _________

A

Aorta to venae cavae

53
Q

Ascending aorta emerges from heart at T- to T-
Gives rise to right and left _________ _________
Ends at level of _________ _________

A

T4 to T5
Coronary arteries
Sternal angle

54
Q

Order of arteries on aortic arch from left to right:

A

Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian

55
Q

Aorta continues as descending aorta
Passes through _________ at level of T12

A

Diaphragm

56
Q

what arteries supply most of the blood to head and neck

A

Right and left common carotid

57
Q

At the _________ border of the _________ _________, the right and left common carotid arteries divide into _________ and _________ _________ arteries

A

Superior, thyroid cartilage, external and internal carotid

58
Q

_________ arteries branch from subclavian arteries and enter cranium through foramen magnum where they merge to form basilary artery

A

Vertebral arteries

59
Q

Vertebral arteries branch from _________ arteries and merge to form _________ artery

A

Subclavian, basillary

60
Q

What arteries provide blood to vessels that create and anastosmosis called the cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis)

A

Basilar and internal carotid

61
Q

The basilar and internal carotid arteries form an anastosmosis called the

A

Cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis)

62
Q

Most cranial venous blood drains through _________ _________ _________

Formed between two layers of _________ mater

A

Dural venous sinuses

Dura

63
Q

Are there valves in the dural venous sinuses?
- So that….

A

No
Blood can flow in more than one direction

64
Q

Sigmoid sinuses empty into the _________ _________ vein

A

Internal jugular

65
Q

Venous blood return is through _________ _________ or _________ _________ vein
- Drain into _________ vein and then into _________ vein

A

internal jugular, external jugular
Subclavian, brachiocephalic

66
Q

Retromandibular vein runs along the _________

A

Jaw

67
Q

Unpaired or Paired? (Visceral branches)

Celiac trunk
Suprarenal arteries
Gonadal arteries
Superior mesentric
Inferior mesentric
Renal arteries

A

U
P
P
U
U
P

68
Q

Paired or unpaired? (parietal branches)

Inferior phrenic arteries
Median sacral
Lumbar arteries

A

P
U
P

69
Q

Branches of the INTERNAL iliac artery

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries
- Supply _______ region

Obturator artery
- Supplies _______ thigh

Internal pudendal artery
- Supplies the _______ canal and _______

Meddle rectal artery
- Supplies _______

Uterine and vaginal arteries
- Supplies _______ and _______

A

Gluteal

Medial

Anal, perineum

Rectum

Uterus, vagina

70
Q

What two veins join the superior vena cava

A

Brachiocephalic, Azygos

71
Q

What vein is on the right side of the superior vena cava that drains blood

A

Azygos

72
Q

What veins are on the left side of superior vena cava that drain blood

A

Accessory hemiazygos and hemiazygos

73
Q

The internal thoracic vein is formed by the merger of intercostal, _____________ _____________ and _____________ veins

A

Superior epigrastric, musculophrenic

74
Q

Inferior epigastric veins merge with _____________ _____________ vein

A

External iliac

75
Q

Lumbar and posterior intercostal veins enter _____________ system

A

Azygous

76
Q

Left side drains into the _____________ and _____________ _____________ veins

A

Hemiazygos and accessory hemiazygos

77
Q

The accessory hemiazygos and hemiazygos veins drain into _____________ veins

A

Azygos

78
Q

Blood from the azygos vein drains into the _____________ _____________ just before it enters the _____________ _____________

A

Superior vena cava, right atrium

79
Q

The internal thoracic artery arises from what artery

A

Subclavian

80
Q

The intercostal arteries continues on to become the _____________ _____________ artery which continues on to _____________ _____________ artery

supplies blood to the _____________ abdominal wall

A

Anterior intercostal
Superior epigastric

Superior

81
Q

The _____________ _____________ artery is a branch of the external iliac artery and supplies blood to the _____________ abdominal wall

forms an anastomosis with the _____________ _____________ artery

A

Inferior epigastric
inferior

Superior epigastric

82
Q

_____________ artery ends at inferior border of first rib
_____________ artery goes to brain
_____________ goes to anterior thoracic wall

A

Right subclavian
Vertebral
Internal thoracic

83
Q

Vertebral and internal thoracic arteries branch off _____________ artery

A

Subclavian

84
Q

Right and left _____________ artery supply blood to upper limb

As it passes over lateral border over first rib, it becomes _____________ artery

A

Subclavian
Axillary

85
Q

The axillary artery supplies the _____________ and _____________ region
As it passes inferior border of teres major muscle, it becomes _____________ artery

A

Shoulder, thoracic
Brachial

86
Q

In the cubital fossa, the brachial artery splits into _____________ and _____________ arteries

These arteries anastomose to form the _____________ and _____________ _____________ _____________

_____________ arteries supply fingers

A

Radial, ulnar

Superficial and deep palmar arches

Digital

87
Q

On the dorsum of the hand, a _____________ _____________ network drains into _____________ and _____________ vein

A

Dorsal venous, basilic, cephalic

88
Q

In the cubital fossa, basilic and cephalic veins are connected by _____________ vein

*common site for venipuncture

Brachial veins merge with _____________ vein to form the _____________ vein

A

Median cubital

basilic, axillary

89
Q

Right and left _____________ _____________ arteries supply blood to lower limb

When external iliac artery passes inguinal ligament, it becomes _____________ artery
- Branch is _____________ artery

A

External iliac

Femoral
Deep femoral

90
Q

The deep femoral artery supplies _____________ _____________ via medial and lateral _____________ arteries

The femoral artery enters the _____________ popliteal fossa, becomes popliteal artery

A

Hip joint, circumflex
Posterior

91
Q

Popliteal artery supplies _____________ _____________ and muscles
Divides into anterior and posterior _____________ arteries which supply anterior and posterior compartments

A

knee joint

tibial

92
Q

The posterior tibial artery has a _____________ artery branch
- Supplies _____________ compartment of leg

Posterior tibial artery divides into medial and lateral _____________ arteries

A

Fibular
Lateral
Plantar

93
Q

The anterior tibial artery becomes _____________ _____________ artery at anterior surface of ANKLE
This artery+branch of lateral planter forms _____________ _____________

_____________ arteries extend from arch to supply toes

A

Dorsalis pedis
plantar arch

Digital

94
Q

_____________ _____________ arch drains into

Medially: _____________ _____________ vein
Laterally: _____________ _____________ vein

A

Dorsal venous arch

Great saphenous
Small saphenous

95
Q

Great saphenous vein drains into _____________ vein
Small saphenous vein drains into _____________ vein

Digital and deep veins drain into medial and lateral _____________ veins
- Those drain into a pair of _____________ _____________ veins

A

Femoral
popliteal

plantar
posterior tibial

96
Q

On the dorsum of foot and ankle, deep veins drain into _____________ _____________veins

A

Anterior tibial

97
Q

Anterior and posterior tibial marge to form _____________ vein

A

Popliteal

98
Q

Popliteal vein curves onto anterior thigh and becomes _____________ vein
once it passes inguinal ligament, becomes _____________ _____________ vein

A

Femoral
External iliac

Anatomy (21 decks)

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