4.03 - Blood Flashcards
Functions of Blood:
Transportation
- oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, waste
Regulation
- Helps maintain _____________, _____________ and fluid levels in cardiovascular system
Protection
- _____________ guard against infection by triggering immune response to _____________
- Blood carries _____________
Temperature, fluid
Leukocytes, antigens
antigens
_____________ make up 44% of blood sample
Buffy coat is MIDDLE layer, contains _____________ and _____________, about 1% of blood sample
_____________ is straw colored liquid that is 55% of blood
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes, platelets
Plasma
What components of blood are called formed elements?
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
What do erythrocytes transport?
Leukocytes help mount an _____________ _____________ against pathogens
Platelets help with _____________ _____________
Formed elements can be viewed from _____________ _____________
Respiratory gases
Immune response
Blood clotting
Blood smear
_____________ is a mix of water, proteins and other solutes
Plasma
Serum is plasma without _____________ _____________
Plasma is mostly _____________
Clotting proteins
Water
What protein in plasma is the smallest and most abundant?
Which protein is responsible for clot formation?
What protein primarily transports substances in plasma?
Albumins
Fibrinogen
Globulins
What are the other solutes in plasma?
Electrolytes, nutrients, respiratory gases, hormones, wastes
Albumins regulate _____________ movement between blood and interstitial fluid, transport ions, hormones, lipids
Globulins are _____________ and _____________ globulins primarily for _____________ of substance
- _____________ globulins are antibodies used in immune defense
Water
Alpha, beta, transport
Gamma
Fibrinogen is responsible for _____________ _____________
- becomes _____________ during clotting process
Regulatory proteins are _____________ and _____________
clot formation
fibrin
Enzymes, proenzymes
Other solutes in plasma serve no function and are transported to _____________ and _____________ to be removed from blood
Liver and kidneys
What type of cell in platelets help with blood clotting
Thrombocytes
Erythrocytes are called _____________ _____________ cells
- NOT ACTUALLY CELLS: no nucleus and organelles
As they pass through small blood vessels, they line up in a single file called _____________
Red blood
Rouleau
Every erythrocyte contains 280 million of _____________
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin transports what?
Oxygen and CO2
Hemoglobin is oxygenated when MAXIMALLY loaded with oxygen
Deoxygenated when some oxygen is lost and _____________ _____________ gained
CO2
Each hemoglobin contains what four globin polypeptides?
Each of the globins have a heme group containing an _____________ ion for oxygen binding
Two alpha chains
Two beta chains
Iron
Each hemoglobin can bind a total of how many oxygen molecules?
4
Erythrocyte has a short life span of _____________ days
Old erythrocytes are phagocytizes in _____________ and _____________
Heme group is converted _____________ which is converted to _____________
- Becomes part of _____________ for digestive system function
120
liver, spleen
biliverdin, bilirubin
bile
Presence of _____________ and _____________ surface antigens determine ABO blood type
The antibodies is the OPPOSITE of the surface antigen (type of blood)
- E.g. antibody of type A is anti-B antibodies
A, B
What antigens and antibodies are on type AB
Surface antigens A and B
Neither A or B antibodies
What antigens an antibodies are on type O
No antigens, both anti-A and B antibodies
The Rh blood type is determined by Rh factor (surface antigen -) on erythrocytes
- When present, Rh _____________
- When absent, Rh _____________
D
Positive
negative
When does Anti-D antibodies occur?
When an Rh negative individual is exposed to Rh positive blood
