Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > 4.03 - Blood > Flashcards

4.03 - Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of Blood:

Transportation
- oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, nutrients, waste

Regulation
- Helps maintain _____________, _____________ and fluid levels in cardiovascular system

Protection
- _____________ guard against infection by triggering immune response to _____________
- Blood carries _____________

A

Temperature, fluid

Leukocytes, antigens

antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_____________ make up 44% of blood sample

Buffy coat is MIDDLE layer, contains _____________ and _____________, about 1% of blood sample

_____________ is straw colored liquid that is 55% of blood

A

Erythrocytes

Leukocytes, platelets

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What components of blood are called formed elements?

A

Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do erythrocytes transport?

Leukocytes help mount an _____________ _____________ against pathogens

Platelets help with _____________ _____________

Formed elements can be viewed from _____________ _____________

A

Respiratory gases

Immune response

Blood clotting

Blood smear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_____________ is a mix of water, proteins and other solutes

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Serum is plasma without _____________ _____________

Plasma is mostly _____________

A

Clotting proteins

Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What protein in plasma is the smallest and most abundant?

Which protein is responsible for clot formation?

What protein primarily transports substances in plasma?

A

Albumins

Fibrinogen

Globulins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the other solutes in plasma?

A

Electrolytes, nutrients, respiratory gases, hormones, wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Albumins regulate _____________ movement between blood and interstitial fluid, transport ions, hormones, lipids

Globulins are _____________ and _____________ globulins primarily for _____________ of substance
- _____________ globulins are antibodies used in immune defense

A

Water

Alpha, beta, transport

Gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fibrinogen is responsible for _____________ _____________
- becomes _____________ during clotting process

Regulatory proteins are _____________ and _____________

A

clot formation
fibrin

Enzymes, proenzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Other solutes in plasma serve no function and are transported to _____________ and _____________ to be removed from blood

A

Liver and kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of cell in platelets help with blood clotting

A

Thrombocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Erythrocytes are called _____________ _____________ cells
- NOT ACTUALLY CELLS: no nucleus and organelles

As they pass through small blood vessels, they line up in a single file called _____________

A

Red blood

Rouleau

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Every erythrocyte contains 280 million of _____________

A

Hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hemoglobin transports what?

A

Oxygen and CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hemoglobin is oxygenated when MAXIMALLY loaded with oxygen

Deoxygenated when some oxygen is lost and _____________ _____________ gained

A

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Each hemoglobin contains what four globin polypeptides?

Each of the globins have a heme group containing an _____________ ion for oxygen binding

A

Two alpha chains
Two beta chains

Iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Each hemoglobin can bind a total of how many oxygen molecules?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Erythrocyte has a short life span of _____________ days

Old erythrocytes are phagocytizes in _____________ and _____________

Heme group is converted _____________ which is converted to _____________
- Becomes part of _____________ for digestive system function

A

120

liver, spleen

biliverdin, bilirubin

bile

20
Q

Presence of _____________ and _____________ surface antigens determine ABO blood type

The antibodies is the OPPOSITE of the surface antigen (type of blood)
- E.g. antibody of type A is anti-B antibodies

A

A, B

21
Q

What antigens and antibodies are on type AB

A

Surface antigens A and B

Neither A or B antibodies

22
Q

What antigens an antibodies are on type O

A

No antigens, both anti-A and B antibodies

23
Q

The Rh blood type is determined by Rh factor (surface antigen -) on erythrocytes

  • When present, Rh _____________
  • When absent, Rh _____________
A

D

Positive
negative

24
Q

When does Anti-D antibodies occur?

A

When an Rh negative individual is exposed to Rh positive blood

25
Q

An individual with all three _____________ (A, B, D) have what blood?

A

antigens, AB+

26
Q

If mismatched blood is transfused, the recipient’s blood causes _____________ of donated erythrocytes

Leads to _____________ (rupture) of clumped erythrocytes

A

Agglutination

Hemolysis

27
Q

What is agglutinations?

A

Clumping of donated erythrocytles

28
Q

What is hemolysis?

A

Rupture of clumped erythrocytes

29
Q

Leukocytes possess a nucleus and organelles and are _____________ than erythrocytes

Help initiate _____________ _____________ and defend against pathogens

A

Larger

Immune response

30
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

Reduced number of leukocyte cells

31
Q

What is leukocytosis?

A

Elevated number of leukocyte cells

32
Q

What do Granulocytes include?

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

33
Q

What do agranulocytes include?

A

Lymphocytes, monocytes

34
Q

Diapedesis is the process of _____________ through vessel wall to exit bloodstream and get to _____________

A

Squeezing, tissue

35
Q

Chemotaxis is process of moving towards chemicals found at side of _____________

A

Infection

36
Q

Neutrophil
Appearance: Nucleus is _____________ (as many as 5)
_____________ is neutral or pale, DISTINCT granules

Function: _____________ pathogens, especially bacteria.
- Release _____________ that target pathogen

A

Mutlilobed, cytoplasm

Phagocytize, enzymes

37
Q

Eosinophil

Appearance: nucleus is _____________
Cytoplasm is _____________

Function: Phagocytize _____________ complexes and _____________

A

Bilobed
Reddish

Antigen-antibody, allergens

38
Q

Basophil
Appearance: nucleus is _____________
Cytoplasm is _____________ color

Functions: releases _____________ (vasodilator) and _____________ (anticoagulant) during inflammatory or allergic reactions

A

Bilobed
purple

Histamine, heparin

39
Q

Lymphocytes:
Appearance: _________ or slightly indented nucleus, _________ stained. _________ rim of cytoplasm

Functions: _________ pathogens and abnormal/infected cells.
Coordinate _________ cell activity
_________ antibodies
Can exit blood stream and become _________ cells

A

Round, dark, thin

Attach
Immune
Produce
plasma

40
Q

Monocyte

Appearance: _________ shaped
nucleus is _________ stained, _________ cytoplasm

Functions:
Can exit blood vessels and become _________
_________ pathogens, cellular debris, dead cells

A

C
Pale, abundant

Macrophages, phagocytize

41
Q

What is the order of most abundant leukocytes to least?

A

Neutrophils Leukocytes Monocytes Eosinophil Basophil

42
Q

Platelets are small, irregular membrane enclosed cell fragments

Produce in red marrow from _________ cells

A

Megakaryocyte

43
Q

Do platelets have a nucleus?

A

No

44
Q

_________ stimulates production of megakaryocytes

A

Thrombopoietin

45
Q

_________ is an abnormally small number of platelets involves in blood clotting

A

Thrombocytopenia

46
Q

Formed elements are continually produced in red marrow called _________

Begins with pluripotent stem cells called _________
- What does myeloid line form?
- What does lymphoid line form?

A

Hematopoiesis

Hemocytoblasts
Erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, all leukocytes except lymphocytes
Lymphocytes

47
Q

Hematopoiesis involves several _________ _________ factors

_________ stimulates production of maturation of erythrocyte progenitor and erythroblast cell

_________ ejects nucleus, becomes reticulocyte
_________ enters circulation and within 2 days matures into erythrocyte

A

Colon-stimulating

Erythropoietin

Normoblast
Reiculocyte

Anatomy (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions