Autocoid Serotonin Flashcards by Okonkwo Paula

Serotonin is also called

5-hydroxytryptamine

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Examples of amine autocoids

5 hydroxytryptamine ( serotonin)
Hitamine

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Peptide autocoids are

Bradykinin
Kallikrein
Natureitic peptide( ANP- atrial natureitic peptide)
Vasoactive peptide
Substance p
Neurotensin
Endothelin
Calcitonin gene related peptide
Neuro peptide y

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Lipid autocoids include

Leucotrines
Prostaglandin
Thromboxane
Lipoxin
Hepoxilin
Dioli

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What autocoids are monoamine

Serotonin and histamine

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Serotonin is a neurotransmitter majorly used for

Mood

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Synthesis of serotonint

Tyrpthophan to

Tryptophan hydroxylase

5 hydroxy tryptophan

Tryptophan decarboxylase

5 hydroxytryptamine

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Serotonin is found in

90% in the GIT ( in the enterochromaffin cells )

Platelet

Neurons of cns

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Platelets do not produce serotonin rather

They take it up from blood

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We have how many classes of serotonin receptors

7 families
And 14 subtypes

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5HT 1 has how many sun family

5 subfamily

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5 hydroxytryptamine 1 does what

Does inhibition by inhibiting ca2+ , Adenyl Cyclase and activating k+ channels

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5HT 1 uses what type of transport protein

G coupled protein receptor

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5HT 1 is found in the

Raphe nuclei of the brain stem

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5HT 2 has how many sub family

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Why do you know about 5HT 2

It is an excitatory serotonin which does this by inhibiting k+ ion and they work through G protein

It causes contraction of smooth muscles
Found in smooth muscles too

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5HT 3 receptors are

Excitatory receptors cus they are ionotropic receptors which responds to acetyl choline and found in the git

It uses ligand gated channel

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What are triptans

Triptan is a serotonin drug that prevents vasodilation of blood vessels especially cranial blood vessels

They are used for migraines and are 5HT1 receptor

Sumatriptan
Rizatriptan
Naratriptan

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Histamine is found in

Git lungs and skin

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Histamine is stored and produced in

Mast cells and BASOPHILLIC cells and peptic cells of git and enterochromaffin cells of git

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What are histamines

Histamines are monoamines which are produced during situations of vascular injury allergic reactions inflammation etc … they promote the symptoms of allergic reactions

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How many receptors of histamines do we have
Name them

We have 4 histamine receptors

H1 H2 H3 H4

What are H1 receptors

H1 receptors are majorly found in skin
They are more related to skin allergy inflammation and anaphylactic shock

They cause vasodilation during anaphylactic shock to reduce BP

They cause vascular dilation which and capillary permeability which leads to redness and edema
They also cause itching during venom prescence

They cause bronchoconstriction of the lungs leading to cough reflex

When does hitamine bind to h2 receptors

H2 receptors are found in peptic cells of the git

They cause and increase in the release of Hcl of the stomach

Antihistamine are

Drugs that inhibit the allergic reactions resulting from histamine release

H1 blockers are classified into and why

1st generation can cross the cns and leads to sedation They are bsmaller in structure 2nd generation can not cross the blood brain barrier and are more use for allergic reactions

First generation of H1 receptor blockers are

DIP ME PROPERLY IN CHLORINE DIPHENHYDRAMINE MECLIZINE PROMETHIZINE CHLORPHENAMINE HYDROZINE

Second generation H1 blockers are

CEFALLO DIED FEXOFENADINE CETRIZINE LORATIDINE PROLORATIDINE

H2 blockers are useful for

Preventing ulcers Used in allergic reactions cause they don’t cause sedation

H1 blockers are useful during

Pruritus(itching) of the skin causing sedation Vertigo Vomiting Nasuae And motion sickness

H2 blockers are

Cimetidine Famotidine Nizatidine Ranitidine

Histamine is produced by

Decarboxylation of histidine

Is histamine an essential amino acid

It is produced from an essential acid called histidine

5HT1 are found in

The cns and cranial blood vessels causing contractions They also activate k+ channels And inhibits sodium channels

5HT1 has how many subfamily

5 subfamily a to e

5HT1 a is found in the and does

Raphe nuclei of the brain stem And regulates mood Sleep feeding anxiety

5HT1 d/b is found in and does

Basal ganglia and does csf production

5HT2 has how many subfamily

3 subfamily

5HT2 a is found in and does

Visceral body and visceral blood vessels causing contractions It causes platelet aggregation

5HT2 b is found in

GIT stomach

5HT2 c found in and does

Choroid plexus and does increase in csf production

5HT 1 and 2 does what to k+ channels

5HT 1 causes activation of k+ channels 5HT 2 causes inactivation of k+ channels

5HT 3 is responsible in

Vomiting and peristalsis

5ht4 is responsible in

Peristalsis

Angonist of 5HT1 receptors are And there functions

1)Triptan family They are used to cure mild acute migraines 2) azopirones eg buspirone,gepirone,ispirone They are anti anxiety

Angonist of 5ht4 is

Prokinetic drugs which increase gastric motility 1) pride family eg Cisapride Mosapride Renzapride Prucalopride

What Angonist drugs are anti obesity

5HT2 c

5ht3 antagonist are the

Etron family Granisetron alosteron palonosteron

5HT2 receptor antagonists are

Trazodone and nefazodone

Ergotamine are

5HT1 receptors antagonist They are used for migraines along with sumatriptan

Odd one out and why A) trimethoprim B)cephalosporin C) rimfampin D) trezadone

Trezadone…. It is a 5HT2 receptor antagonist

What is trezadone and nefazodone drugs used for and there mechanism

Trezadone and nefazodone are serotonin 2 receptor antagonist ( blockers) They do this by blocking the reuptake of serotonin in the brain making it to last longer

What histamine receptor is found in eosinophils neutrophils and cd4+

Receptor 4

During inflammation mast cells release histamine which binds to what receptor for immunal response

Histamine H4