Attention and perception part 2 unit 7 Flashcards
What is the first step in the perceptual process?
A: The distal stimulus, which is the stimulus in the environment.
What role does the distal stimulus play in perception?
It initiates the perceptual process by interacting with sensory organs (e.g., light reaching the eyes).
What is the second step in the perceptual process?
The proximal stimulus, which is the image or signal detected by sensory receptors.
How is the proximal stimulus created in visual perception?
Light reflected from the distal stimulus is projected onto the retina.
What happens during the receptor processes stage?
Sensory receptors convert the proximal stimulus into electrical signals through transduction
What is transduction?
The process of converting sensory input (e.g., light) into electrical energy.
What happens during the neural processing stage?
Neurons transmit the electrical signals from sensory receptors to specific brain areas (e.g., occipital lobe for vision).
Which brain areas process visual and auditory signals?
A: - Visual: Occipital lobe.
Auditory: Temporal lobe.
What are the final steps of the perceptual process?
A: Perception, recognition, and action:
Perception: Conscious awareness of the stimulus.
Recognition: Categorizing the stimulus (e.g., identifying it as a tree).
Action: Behavioral response (e.g., moving toward the tree).
Does the perceptual process always follow a linear order?
A: No, actions can modify perception and recognition (e.g., moving closer changes visual details).
What is top-down processing?
Perception guided by prior knowledge, experience, and expectations.
How does top-down processing influence perception?
Previously acquired knowledge helps interpret ambiguous stimuli (e.g., rat-man experiment).
What is constructive perception?
A form of top-down processing where sensory information combines with prior knowledge to build a perception.
Who proposed the idea of unconscious inference in perception?
A: Hermann von Helmholtz.
What is the likelihood principle in perception?
The idea that we perceive the most likely cause of the sensory input based on past experiences.