Attention and perception part 2 unit 12 Flashcards
What is spatial neglect?
A condition where brain damage causes patients to become unaware of stimuli in the visual hemifield opposite the damaged brain side.
What is blindsight?
A condition where patients with visual field blindspots cannot consciously perceive visual stimuli but may still respond to them unconsciously.
What is ADHD?
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder involves difficulties in focusing attention, often with hyperactivity and impulsiveness.
What are the three types of ADHD?
Hyperactive-impulsive.
Inattentive.
Combined type (most common according to Garret & Hough).
What biological causes are linked to ADHD?
High heritability.
Reduced dopamine and noradrenaline activity in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, affecting working memory, attention, and impulse control.
How does methylphenidate (Ritalin) work?
Increases dopamine and noradrenaline by blocking their reuptake, improving prefrontal cortex activity and self-control.
What is visual agnosia?
A condition where patients can perceive individual features (e.g., shape, color) but cannot integrate them to recognize objects.
What is simultagnosia?
The inability to perceive more than one object at a time, caused by damage to the temporal cortex.
What is prosopagnosia?
Face blindness caused by damage to the fusiform gyrus. Patients can see faces but cannot recognize them, even their own.
What is topographical agnosia?
Inability to recognize landmarks, caused by damage to the parahippocampal gyrus. Patients rely on alternative strategies, like road signs, to navigate.
What is akinetopsia?
Motion blindness caused by damage to the middle temporal cortex (MT/V5). Patients cannot perceive motion, making tasks like pouring liquids or crossing streets dangerous.
Who is more prone to ADHD?
In children, more boys are medicated for ADHD compared to girls, although in adults it is approximately equal for both sexes (Sternberg & Sternberg, 2017)
How many percentage is diagnosed?
The estimated worldwide prevalence of ADHD is 7.2% (Garrett & Hough, 2018)
What biological factors cause ADHD?
Highly heritable.
Linked to disrupted dopamine and noradrenaline neurotransmission.
Reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, affecting attention, working memory, and impulse control
How does methylphenidate (Ritalin) help ADHD?
A stimulant that increases dopamine and noradrenaline by blocking their reuptake.
Improves prefrontal cortex activity, enhancing attention and impulse control
