Antibiotics: Cephalosporins Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of cephalosporins?
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis → binds to penicillin binding proteins (PBP) inhibiting transpeptidation of peptidoglycan
What are examples of 1st generation cephalosporins?
- PO: cephalexin
- IV: Cefazolin
what does cephalexin and cefazolin cover?
- gram positive: MSSA, streptococci
- gram negative: some
- anaerobes: no
what are the indications for cephalexin and cefazolin?
- staphylococcal and streptococcal skin and soft tissue infections
- perioperative prophylaxis
What are examples of 2nd generation cephalosporins?
- PO: cefuroxime, cefacior
- IV: cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotetan
what does cefuroxime and cefaclor cover?
- gram negative: yes
- gram positive: no
- anaerobes: no
what are the indications for cefuroxime and cefaclor?
pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis
what does cefoxitin, cefotetan cover?
- gram negative: yes
- gram positive: no
- anaerobes: yes
what are the investigations for cefoxitin and cefotetan?
GI surgical prophylaxis, intra-abdominal infections, pelvic infections, PID
what are examples of 3rd generation cephalosporins?
IV: ceftriaxone, ceftazidime
what does ceftriaxone cover?
- gram positive: yes
- gram negative: yes
- no anaerobes
- no pseudomonas
what are the indications for ceftriaxone?
pneumonia, meningitis, bacteraemia, UTI, intraabdominal infections, gonorrhoea, typhoid, syphyllis
what does ceftazidime cover?
- no gram positive
- gram negative: yes
- pseudomonas: yes
- anaerobes: no
what are the indications for ceftazidime?
- gram positive: no
- gram negative: yes
- pseudomonas aeruginosa: yes
- anaerobes: no
- indications: hospital acquired pneumonia, UTI, melioidosis
what are examples of 4th gen cephalosporins?
cefepime
