Antibiotics Flashcards
What is a Aminoglycosides?
Think what ?
a mean old mycin =
What is not a *not mean old mycins?
mycin = mice (ears) so think what ?
So what do you monitor The ears for ?
human ear shaped like kidney so think what ?
What do we use to monitor the kidney function?
What is the best indicator of kidney function?
The kidneys are shaped like what number?
Aminoglycosides affect what cranial nerve?
How often do you administer aminoglycosides?
What routes can you use ?
Why route is avoided and why ?
The oral route is only given in which cases and why ?
WHO CAN STERILIZE MY BOWEL?
WhAt does TAP mean ?
Why do we do TAP?
They are powerful antibiotics (the BIG
GUNS!!!)
Think a a mean old mycin
Examples: Vancomycin
Streptomycin
gentamicin
a mean old mycin = serious, life threatening, resistent, gram negative (TB, etc.)… if it
ends in mycin = mean old mycin
The thromycin’s like zithromycin, clarithromycin (thro) if it has thro = throw it off the list…
mycin = mice = Micky (ears)… oto-toxic
hearing, tinnitus, vertigo (equalibrium)
human ear shaped like kidney… nephro-toxicity!
-monitor creatinine
creatinine (best indicator for
kidney functionr)
8
Cranial nerve 8
you administer them Q8H
IM or IV
do not give PO, because they are not absorbed..
1.)Hepatic encephalopathy
Also called Liver Coma, Ammonia-Induced
Encephalopathy Because When want a sterile bowel
Due to a high ammonia level
2.) Pre-op Bowel surgery
WHO CAN STERILIZE MY BOWEL? NEO
KAN = NEOmycin and KANmycin
T: trough: when the drug is at its lowest…
A: adminster
P: peak: when the drug is at its highest
Why do we do a TAP?! (narrow therapeutic window) what works/what kills…
How they help: Very powerful antibiotics that treat Gram negative bacteria such as meningitis, infective endocarditis, septicemia, c difficle
How they harm:
- cause ear and ; kidney damage/ ototoxicity/nephrotoxicity
- hearing , ringing , dizziness
- do not give during pregnancy
- need to know the peak/trough
Peak(IV .30) (PO 1hr)
Trough(.30hr before)
-antidote: calcium gluconate)
Aminoglycosides are drugs that end in
Mycin
Gentamycin
Aminoglycosides
Penicillins
7 things to know
What does it treat ?
Why do they end in ?
Examples: Pencillin
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
How they help: Gonorrhea
Pneumonia
UTI
How they harm:
1.)ask about allergy
2.)- ask about any kind of reaction
such as itching , rash and hives
- ) don’t give any reaction has Occured.
4: )-first time patients taking penicillin nurse must stay with them just like with a blood transfusion - )-antidote is a epinephrine
- )-do not mix with aminoglycosides
- ) -safe for pregnancy
- ) take the full course of medication and don’t stop taking Abruptly
End in Cillin
Tetracycline
Plus -4 Uses:
What can it cause ? So why do you do ?
8-teaching
Give if the client is allergic to what ?
Drug ends in ?
Example : Doxycycline
Democyline
Be careful some have a -myclin ending ( achromycin)
How they help: Pneumonia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
UTI
Uses: Treat bacterial infections, Acne
gIve if allergic to PCN
- Phototoxicity, hepatotoxicity ,nephrotoxicity,
- Keep out direct sunlight, Monitor liver enzymes ,monitor kidney functions,, labs and urinary output
- )-do not give with Lasix
- )-do not give with dairy products
- )-don’t give with antacids,
- )-don’t give with Anticoagulants
- ) do not give it pregnant or nursing
6 .)-do not give to children under 12 because it will turn your teeth black
- )give with straw
- )-give this drug with a full glass of water
End in cycline
Uses: Treat bacterial infections, Acne
Cephalosporins
Do not give allergic to ?
The Side effects will leave you _?
What is the antidote)
Example : Anef
Keflex
How they help: Gram negative bacteria ( UTI, PNEUMONIA , Gonorrhea)
Do not give if allergic to PCN!!!
-Side effects: remember that cephalosporins will leave you HAIRY
H-yperglycemic
A-naphylactic shock (if allergic)
I-insufficient platelets (Thrombocytopenia)
R-enal problems (nephrotoxic)
Y-ellow poop (diarrhea)
The antidote is epinephrine
Doxycycline
Tetracycline
Example : Doxycycline
Democyline
Be careful some have a -myclin ending ( achromycin)
How they help: UTI
Pneumonia
Gonorrhea
gIve if allergic to PCN
-Photo toxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity
-Keep out direct sunlight, Monitor liver enzymes , monitor kidney functions, labs and urinary output
-do not give it pregnant or nursing
-do not give with Lasix
-do not give with cows milk
-do not give to children under 12 because it will turn your teeth black
-give with straw
-
Ancef
Cephalosporins
Example : Anef
Keflex
How they help: Gram negative bacteria ( UTI, PNEUMONIA , Gonorrhea)
Do not give if allergic to PCN!!!
-Side effects: remember that cephalosporins will leave you HAIIRY
H-yperglycemic
A-naphylactic shock (if allergic)
I-ncrease blood sugar
R-enal problems (nephrotoxic)
Y-ellow poop (diarrhea)
The antidote is epinephrine
Amoxicillin
Penicillins
Examples: Pencillin
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
How they help: Gonorrhea
Pneumonia
UTI
How they harm: ask about allergy - ask about any kind of reaction such as itching , rash and hives - don't give any reaction has Occured. -safe for pregnancy -first time patients taking penicillin nurse must stay with them just like with a blood transfusion -antidote is a epinephrine -do not mix with aminoglycosides
Vancomycin
Aminoglycosides
How they help: Very powerful antibiotics that treat Gram negative bacteria such as meningitis, infective endocarditis, septicemia
How they harm:
- cause ear and ; kidney damage/ ototoxicity/nephrotoxicity
- hearing , ringing , dizziness
- do not give during pregnancy
- need to know the peak/trough
Peak(IV .30) (PO 1hr)
Trough(.30hr before)
-antidote: calcium gluconate)
Democycline
Tetracycline
Example : Doxycycline
Democyline
Be careful some have a -myclin ending ( achromycin)
How they help: UTI
Pneumonia
Gonorrhea
gIve if allergic to PCN
-Photo toxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity
-Keep out direct sunlight, Monitor liver enzymes , monitor kidney functions, labs and urinary output
-do not give it pregnant or nursing
-do not give with Lasix
-do not give with cows milk
-do not give to children under 12 because it will turn your teeth black
-give with straw
-
Streptomycin
Aminoglycosides
How they help: Very powerful antibiotics that treat Gram negative bacteria such as meningitis, infective endocarditis, septicemia
How they harm:
- cause ear and ; kidney damage/ ototoxicity/nephrotoxicity
- hearing , ringing , dizziness
- do not give during pregnancy
- need to know the peak/trough
Peak(IV .30) (PO 1hr)
Trough(.30hr before)
-antidote: calcium gluconate)
Ampicillin
Pencillin
Examples: Pencillin
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
How they help: Gonorrhea
Pneumonia
UTI
How they harm: ask about allergy - ask about any kind of reaction such as itching , rash and hives - don't give any reaction has Occured. -safe for pregnancy -first time patients taking penicillin nurse must stay with them just like with a blood transfusion -antidote is a epinephrine -do not mix with aminoglycosides
Keflex
Cephalosporins
How they help: Gram negative bacteria ( UTI, PNEUMONIA , Gonorrhea)
Do not give if allergic to PCN!!!
-Side effects: remember that cephalosporins will leave you HAIIRY
H-yperglycemic
A-naphylactic shock (if allergic)
I-ncrease blood sugar
R-enal problems (nephrotoxic)
Y-ellow poop (diarrhea)
The antidote is epinephrine
For Aminoglycosides when do we measure the peak for the Iv route?
when do we measure the peak for the IM route?
when do we measure the peak for the PO route?
PEAK IV =15-30 min after given the medication
Peak IM =30-60 min after drug given
Peak PO= drawl peak 1 hour after it’s given
For aminoglycosides when do we measure the TROUGH for IV route ?
when do we measure the TROUGH for IM route ?
when do we measure the peak for the PO route?
Trough IV= 30 min before next dose
Trough IM= 30 min before next dose
Trough PO= 30 min before next dose
What is the antidote for aminoglycosides?
Calcium gluconate
How do aminoglycosides help?
They treat conditions like
Meningitis
Infective endocarditis
TB
C difficle
Septicemia
Don’t give aminoglycosides during __?
Pregnancy
Cefazolin
Cephalosporins
Cephalexin
Cephalosporins
What does Ciprofloxacin treat ?
Bacteria infections
respiratory anthrax
UTIs
What can Ciprofloxacin cause ?
Phototoxicity
G.I. distress ( Nausea ,vomiting, diarrhea)
May cause Arthrotoxcity in children
A false positive on a urine drug screening for opiates
Arthro=
Arthro-: A prefix meaning joint
