ANS I

Question 1

What are the major cranial nerves carrying sympathetic fibers?

Answer 1

3,7,9,10

Question 2

What type of receptor is innervated on chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla by the preganglionic sympathetic fibers?

Answer 2

N2/Nn

Question 3

What type of receptors are innervated by the SNS in sweat glands and what is the neurotransmitter used?

Answer 3

M3 and ACh

Question 4

What is the receptor and neurotransmitter used by the SNS in the renal vasculature smooth muscle?

Answer 4

Dopamine and D1 receptors

Question 5

What is the ratio of pre to postganglionic fibers in the SNS and PNS?

Answer 5

SNS 1:20

PNS 1:1

Question 6

What are the 2 plexi in the enteric nervous system?

Answer 6

submucosa
submucosal or Meisseners plexus
circular muscle
Myenteric or Aubachs plexus
longitudinal muscle

Question 7

What type of SNS and PNS fibers innervate the enteric nervous system?

Answer 7

Preganglionic PNS

Postganglionic SNS

Question 8

How is acetylcholine produced?

Answer 8

Made from acetyl-CoA and choline by choline acetyltransferase

Question 9

How is ACh removed from the synaptic cleft?

Answer 9

Acetylcholinesterase cleaves it to choline and acetate

Question 10

How is NE synthesized

Answer 10

From Tyrosine -> DOPA -> dopamine -> NE

Question 11

How is NE removed from the synaptic cleft?

Answer 11

diffusion and reuptake

Question 12

Name 2 drugs the block the reuptake of NE?

Answer 12

Cocaine and TCAs

Question 13

Names 2 drugs the promote release of NE?

Answer 13

Amphetamine and Tyramine

Question 14

What type of proteins are the N1 and N2 receptors? which is a better drug target?

Answer 14

they are ACh gated non0selective ion channels. N1 is a better target.

Question 15

What are the type of G protein each of the muscarinic receptors are coupled to and the cellular effects?

Answer 15

M1/M3/M5 are Gq receptors which activated PLC and create DAG and IP3 which increase calcium
M2/M4 are Gi which inhibit adenylate cyclase and decrease cAMP or activate K+ channel causing hyperpolarization

Question 16

What are the type of G protein each of the Alpha and Beta adrenergic receptors are coupled to and what are their cellular effects?

Answer 16

alpha 1 - Gq receptors which activated PLC and create DAG and IP3 which increase calcium
alpha 2 - Gi which inhibit adenylate cyclase and decrease cAMP or activate K+ channel causing hyperpolarization
Beta 1/2/3 are Gs which activate adenylate cyclase and increase cAMP

Question 17

What muscarinic receptors are involved in slowing the heart beat?

Answer 17

M2

Question 18

What muscarinic receptors are involved in smoth muscle contraction? neuroregulation?

Answer 18

M3 sm contraction

M1 neuroreg

Question 19

Match the appropriate adrenergic receptor with the following functions
sm muscle contraction
inhibition of neurotransmitter release
increase in force and rate of contraction of heart
sm muscle relaxation
lipolysis

Answer 19

alpha 1 sm muscle contraction
alpha 2 inhibition of neurotransmitter release
beta 1 increase in force and rate of contraction of heart
beta 2 sm muscle relaxation
beta 3 lipolysis

Question 20

Describe how negative feedback is used at presynaptic terminals in the ANS.

Answer 20

Autorecptors and heteroreceptors act as negative feedback by damping the release of more neurotransmitter. These usually involve alpha 2 receptors and M2 receptors. This can allow crosstalk between the SNS and PNS