ANEMIA & tipos de anemia Flashcards

1
Q

La anemia es una enfermedad y no solo un signo

A

FALSO

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2
Q

Factores que cambian el Hb

A

-sexo
-edad
-embarazo
-altitud
-tabaquismo

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3
Q

Hb en sangre

A

H: 13.2-16.6 mg/dl
M:11.6-15 mg/dl

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4
Q

factores que propician deficiencia de Fe

A

-embarazo
-menstrucción
-lactancia
-parasitos
COLOINIQUIA

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5
Q

Tipo de anemia más común en México

A

ANEMIA FERROPENICA

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6
Q

Hierro NO EMO

A

baja disponibilidad
- cereales y verduras

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7
Q

Hierro HEMO

A

alta biodisponibilidad
-AOA

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8
Q

Inhibitors de hierro

A

CA
tatino
fitatos
P
Polifenoles

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9
Q

promotores del hierro

A

VIT C
Etanol
productos fermentados
peptidos con císteina
ácido malico y tartánico

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10
Q

Manifestaciones clínicas de anemia

A
  • COLOINIQUIA
    -hipocloridia, anorexia, glositis, disnea al esfuerzo, pica, palidez de conjuntivas, etc
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11
Q

BIOQUIMICOS de identificación de anemia

A

-hematocrito
-hemoglobina
-ferritina

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12
Q

ORIENTACIÓN ALIMENTARIA para anemia

A
  • FE no hemo + vit c
  • Fe hemo + vit c
    -citricos = vit c
    -Fe sin polifenoles
  • uso de olla de hierro
  • lavado de leguminosas (<fitatos)
    evitar combinar con fuentes >Ca
    -AOA + Fe no hemos
  • Lactancia por 6 meses
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13
Q

suplementación con sulfato ferroso

A

PREESCOLAR 25mg
ESCOLAR 45mg
ADULTO 60 mg + 2.8g de B9

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14
Q

anemia macrocitica/megaloblastica

A

deficit de B12 y Folatos

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15
Q

anemia normocitica normocromica

A

deficiencia VIT E

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16
Q

Anemia hipocromica

A

deficit de Fe, VIT C y B6 “Piridioxina”

17
Q

deficiencia de B6/piridoxina asociado a:

A

alcoholicos, enfermedad celiaca, fumadores y uso de anticonvulsivos

18
Q

Personas veganas, adulto mayor y vegetarianos mayor riesgo a anemia….

A

MEGALOBLASTICA

19
Q

Paciente con anemia y ulceras, intolerancia a la glucosa (planeamiento de velocidades)

A

deficeicneia de B9: folatos

20
Q

manifestaciones de anemia megaloblastica

A

debilidad, mareo, atrofia papilar, nausea, disnea, anorexia.

21
Q

tratamiento anemia megaloblastica

A

uso de B12- Cianocobalamina

Poblacion joven—— 1mg/ día vía oral
Poblacion adulto mayor—– inyecciones 1mg/día o 100mg/mes B9