Anatomy - Week 4 PP Flashcards
What is Anatomy?
-Anatomy is the scientific study of the shape and structure of the human body
* It is important for the dental assistant, as a
healthcare professional, to understand the basic structure and shape of the human body
* Anatomical terms must be understood for
communication in the health professions to be effective
Organizational Levels of the Body
Cells form into tissues which forms into organs which forms the body systems
Cells
Cells, the basic units of structure in the
human body:
- react to stimuli,
- transform nutrients into energy,
- grow,
- and reproduce
- The human body contains many types of cells
- Different shapes
- Different functions
Tissues
Formed when many millions of cells with the same shape, size, structure, and function join together to perform a specific function for the body
Types of Tissue
- Epithelial tissues form a covering for the external (skin) and internal body surfaces (lining of the oral cavity and intestines)
- Connective tissue is the major support material of the body and connects organs and tissues.
- Muscle tissue has the ability to lengthen and shorten
Voluntary (e.g., arms, legs) Involuntary (e.g., heart, lungs, stomach) - Nerve tissue is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities (brain, spinal cord, and nerves)
Organs
Organs are formed when several types of tissues become a group and perform a single function
Body Systems
A body system is composed of a group of organs working together to perform a major function
* The human body has 10 systems
* Each system has specific organs within it
* Each body system performs specific
functions
Major Body Systems
The human body has 10 systems:
1. Skeletal,
2. Muscular,
3. Cardiovascular (including the lymphatic and
immune system),
4. Nervous,
5. Respiratory,
6. Digestive,
7. Endocrine,
8. Urinary,
9. Integumentary (skin), and
10. Reproductive.
The Skeletal System
-Axial - 80 bones (central core)
-Appendicular - 126 bones (appendages)
Components: Bones, Cartlidge, Joints
The Muscular System
- Gives us the ability to stand, walk, run, jump, move our eyes, smile, and frown
- It is composed of more than 600 individual muscles
- For muscles to make the body move, they must work together * Each muscle consists of muscle tissue, connective
tissue, nerve tissue, and vascular (blood) tissue
3 Types of Muscles
- Striated muscle
◦ So named because dark and light bands in the muscle fibers yield a striped, or striated, appearance
◦ Is also known as skeletal or voluntary muscle
◦ Attached to the bones of the skeleton; makes bodily
motion possible - Smooth muscle
◦ Moves the internal organs, such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and secretion ducts leading from glands - Cardiac muscle
◦ Forms most of the walls of the heart
Cardiovascular System
- Consists of the:
◦ Circulatory system
◦ Heart ◦ Lymphatic system - These systems provide life-sustaining capabilities for the survival of body cells and tissues
◦ Transportation of..
Oxygen and nutrients
Carbon dioxide - removal
Hormones and antibodies
◦ Regulation (body temperature and chemical stability)
If there is an infection there is acid present so anesthetic (which is a base) may not work
Nervous System
- The nervous system is the communication system of the body
- Instructions and directions are sent out by this system to the various organs in the body
- The nervous system can be compared to computer communications, with the brain and spinal cord as the main computer and the nerves as the cables that carry messages to and from this center
Respiratory System
Delivers oxygen to the millions of cells in the body and transports the waste product carbon dioxide out of the body
* The respiratory system consists of the:
◦ Nose
◦ Paranasal sinuses
◦ Pharynx
◦ Epiglottis
◦ Larynx
◦ Trachea
◦ Alveoli
◦ Lungs
Digestive System
- The role of the digestive system is to provide the body with nutrients, water, and electrolytes neccessary for life
- the digestive system functions under involuntary control
Endocrine System
- The endocrine system consists of ductless glands and tissues that help regulate the body’s activities
- The glands secrete hormones directly into the blood
- These hormones affect metabolism, growth, and development
- The hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream, not through a duct