Anatomy - Week 13 PP

Question 1

What is Oral Pathology?

Answer 1

The study of diseases in the oral cavity

Question 2

Systemic Diseases - oral signs/symptoms

Answer 2

Many systemic diseases as well as infectious diseases have oral signs/symptoms

Question 3

Who can diagnose pathological (disease) conditions?

Answer 3

Only a dentist or physician may diagnose pathological (disease) conditions

Question 4

The Making of a Diagnosis

Answer 4

• Historical
• Clinical
• Radiographic
• Microscopic
• Laboratory
• Therapeutic
• Surgical
• Differential

Question 5

What is DA’s role re. oral pathology?

Answer 5

• The dental assistant should understand how oral
  abnormalities may affect the patient’s general health
  and planned dental treatment.

-The dental assistant should understand the terms
used to describe pathologic conditions and record
preliminary identification and descriptions of lesions.

Question 6

Oral Lesions

Answer 6

-Lesion is a broad term for abnormal tissues in the oral cavity
*can be a wound, sore, or any other tissue damage caused by injury or disease

Question 7

Oral Lesions are Classified as to whether they…

Answer 7

-extend below or extend above the mucosal surface

-lie flat or even with the mucosal surface

Question 8

Lesions Extending Below Mucosal Surface

Answer 8

Ulcer - a defect or break in continuity of the mucosa that results in a punched-out area similar to a crater

Erosion of the soft tissue - a shallow defect in the mucosa caused by mechanical trauma

Abscess - a localized collection of pus in a circumscribed area

Cyst - a closed sac or pouch that is lined with epithelium and contains fluid or semisolid material

Question 9

Types of Bone Cysts

Answer 9

Traumatic Bone Cyst
Static Bone Cysts

Question 10

Cysts forming around the teeth

Answer 10

Dentigerous Cyst

Question 11

Lesions Extending Above the Mucosal Surface

Answer 11

Blisters - Also known as vesticles; filled with a watery fluid
-Bulla (Blister greater than an inch)

Pustule - similar in appearance to a blister but containing pus

Hematoma - also similar to a blister but containing blood

Plaque - any patch or flat area that is slightly raised from the surface

Question 12

Lesions Even with the Mucosal Surface

Answer 12

-Lie flat or even with the surface of the oral mucosa and are well-defined areas of discoloration

-Purpura - red or purple spots that occur on the skin or mucosa caused by localized bleeding - pinpoint sized called petechiae

-Ecchymosis - which is the medical term for bruising, is an example of this type of lesion

Macule - flat pigmented spot on the skin, lips, or inside mucosa (mole/freckle)

Patch - an area on the skin that is a different colour

Question 13

Nodules

Answer 13

• may appear below the surface or may be slightly elevated, are small, round, solid lesions
  -when palpated, a nodule feels like a pea beneath the surface

Question 14

Granuloma

Answer 14

is often used to describe a nodule that contains granulation tissue

Question 15

Neoplasms

Answer 15

tumors are also known as neoplasms
- a tumour may be benign or malignant

Question 16

What do you as an assistant need to
know or do? RE. Oral pathology

Answer 16

• Describe what you see
• Identify possibilities
• Understand causes
• Consider clinical implications
• Patient comfort
• Infection Prevention and Control
• Treatment options

Question 17

Describing what you see….

Answer 17

-location
-size
-shape
-colour
-consistency/texture

Question 18

Causes and Mechanisms

Answer 18

-Intrinsic (Nature)
-Extrinsic (Nurture)

Question 19

Acute and Chronic Inflammation

Answer 19

-inflammation is the body’s protective response to irritation or injury
-inflammation can be acute or chronic
-acute inflammation occurs if injury to the tissue is minimal and short-lasting and the tissue begins to repair quickly
-chronic inflammation occurs when injury or irritiation to the tissue continues

Question 20

Common Symptoms of Inflammation

Answer 20

-Redness (erythema)
-Heat
-Pain
-Swelling

Question 21

Cellulutis

Answer 21

inflammatioon spreads through the soft tissue or organ
-swelling develops rapidly, accompanied by a high fever
-the skin becomes very red, and there is a severe throbbing pain as the inflammation localizes
-cellulitis associated with oral infections is potentially dangerous because it can travel quickly to sensitive tissues such as the eye or brain

Question 22

Leukoplakia

Answer 22

-means white patch
-lesions vary in appearance and texture from a fine white transparency to a heavy, thick, warty plaque
-cause is unknown, but leukoplakia is commonly linked to chronic irritiation or trauma
-very often precedes the development of a malignant tumor

Question 23

Sialolith

Answer 23

-salivary stones of calcium deposits
-may cause obstruction of involved gland
-extra oral swellings
-painful - antibiotics/surgery

Question 24

Mucocele

Answer 24

-blocked/broken minor salivary duct
-swelling of lower lip
-kids, biting lips
-surgery or regress on own

Question 25

Amalgam Tattoo

Answer 25

-amalgam particles become trappped in the tissue
-the gingival tissue in the area appears blue-gray (looks like a tattoo)

Question 26

Ranula

Answer 26

-usuaslly caused by a sialolith or local trauma to the duct

-saliva escapes into the connective tissue of the floor of the mouth

Question 27

Tonsil Tissue

Answer 27

-lymphoid tissue
-enlarge in infections
-mistaken for tumors

Question 28

Linea Alba

Answer 28

-raised, wavy line
-level of occlusion on buccal mucosa
-hyperkeratotic
-cheek biting

Question 29

Aspirin Burn

Answer 29

-aspirin is placed in the area of a tooth ache
-acid in the asprin causes a tissue burn
-necrotic white tissue that may slough off resulting in a large painful ulceration
-should heal within 7-14 days after aspiring use is discontinued

Question 30

Glossitis

Answer 30

-general term used to describe inflammation and changes in the topography of the tongue

-there is atrophy of the papilla to creating a smooth erythermatous tongue

-Causes:
*allergic reactions
*irritiation from foods
*nutriitional deficiencies