Anatomy - Week 13 PP Flashcards
What is Oral Pathology?
The study of diseases in the oral cavity
Systemic Diseases - oral signs/symptoms
Many systemic diseases as well as infectious diseases have oral signs/symptoms
Who can diagnose pathological (disease) conditions?
Only a dentist or physician may diagnose pathological (disease) conditions
The Making of a Diagnosis
- Historical
- Clinical
- Radiographic
- Microscopic
- Laboratory
- Therapeutic
- Surgical
- Differential
What is DA’s role re. oral pathology?
- The dental assistant should understand how oral
abnormalities may affect the patient’s general health
and planned dental treatment.
-The dental assistant should understand the terms
used to describe pathologic conditions and record
preliminary identification and descriptions of lesions.
Oral Lesions
-Lesion is a broad term for abnormal tissues in the oral cavity
*can be a wound, sore, or any other tissue damage caused by injury or disease
Oral Lesions are Classified as to whether they…
-extend below or extend above the mucosal surface
-lie flat or even with the mucosal surface
Lesions Extending Below Mucosal Surface
Ulcer - a defect or break in continuity of the mucosa that results in a punched-out area similar to a crater
Erosion of the soft tissue - a shallow defect in the mucosa caused by mechanical trauma
Abscess - a localized collection of pus in a circumscribed area
Cyst - a closed sac or pouch that is lined with epithelium and contains fluid or semisolid material
Types of Bone Cysts
Traumatic Bone Cyst
Static Bone Cysts
Cysts forming around the teeth
Dentigerous Cyst
Lesions Extending Above the Mucosal Surface
Blisters - Also known as vesticles; filled with a watery fluid
-Bulla (Blister greater than an inch)
Pustule - similar in appearance to a blister but containing pus
Hematoma - also similar to a blister but containing blood
Plaque - any patch or flat area that is slightly raised from the surface
Lesions Even with the Mucosal Surface
-Lie flat or even with the surface of the oral mucosa and are well-defined areas of discoloration
-Purpura - red or purple spots that occur on the skin or mucosa caused by localized bleeding - pinpoint sized called petechiae
-Ecchymosis - which is the medical term for bruising, is an example of this type of lesion
Macule - flat pigmented spot on the skin, lips, or inside mucosa (mole/freckle)
Patch - an area on the skin that is a different colour
Nodules
- may appear below the surface or may be slightly elevated, are small, round, solid lesions
-when palpated, a nodule feels like a pea beneath the surface
Granuloma
is often used to describe a nodule that contains granulation tissue
Neoplasms
tumors are also known as neoplasms
- a tumour may be benign or malignant
What do you as an assistant need to
know or do? RE. Oral pathology
- Describe what you see
- Identify possibilities
- Understand causes
- Consider clinical implications
- Patient comfort
- Infection Prevention and Control
- Treatment options
Describing what you see….
-location
-size
-shape
-colour
-consistency/texture
Causes and Mechanisms
-Intrinsic (Nature)
-Extrinsic (Nurture)
Acute and Chronic Inflammation
-inflammation is the body’s protective response to irritation or injury
-inflammation can be acute or chronic
-acute inflammation occurs if injury to the tissue is minimal and short-lasting and the tissue begins to repair quickly
-chronic inflammation occurs when injury or irritiation to the tissue continues
Common Symptoms of Inflammation
-Redness (erythema)
-Heat
-Pain
-Swelling
Cellulutis
inflammatioon spreads through the soft tissue or organ
-swelling develops rapidly, accompanied by a high fever
-the skin becomes very red, and there is a severe throbbing pain as the inflammation localizes
-cellulitis associated with oral infections is potentially dangerous because it can travel quickly to sensitive tissues such as the eye or brain
Leukoplakia
-means white patch
-lesions vary in appearance and texture from a fine white transparency to a heavy, thick, warty plaque
-cause is unknown, but leukoplakia is commonly linked to chronic irritiation or trauma
-very often precedes the development of a malignant tumor
Sialolith
-salivary stones of calcium deposits
-may cause obstruction of involved gland
-extra oral swellings
-painful - antibiotics/surgery
Mucocele
-blocked/broken minor salivary duct
-swelling of lower lip
-kids, biting lips
-surgery or regress on own
Amalgam Tattoo
-amalgam particles become trappped in the tissue
-the gingival tissue in the area appears blue-gray (looks like a tattoo)
Ranula
-usuaslly caused by a sialolith or local trauma to the duct
-saliva escapes into the connective tissue of the floor of the mouth
Tonsil Tissue
-lymphoid tissue
-enlarge in infections
-mistaken for tumors
Linea Alba
-raised, wavy line
-level of occlusion on buccal mucosa
-hyperkeratotic
-cheek biting
Aspirin Burn
-aspirin is placed in the area of a tooth ache
-acid in the asprin causes a tissue burn
-necrotic white tissue that may slough off resulting in a large painful ulceration
-should heal within 7-14 days after aspiring use is discontinued
Glossitis
-general term used to describe inflammation and changes in the topography of the tongue
-there is atrophy of the papilla to creating a smooth erythermatous tongue
-Causes:
*allergic reactions
*irritiation from foods
*nutriitional deficiencies
