Anatomy - Obj 1.1 - 1.5 (Week 1 PP) Flashcards
What is anatomy? importance for DA?
Anatomy is the study of the human body’s shape and structure. Sciences form the foundation of a dental assistant’s care; therefore, it is important for the dental assistant to understand the body’s
basic shape and structure
Nomenclature
system of naming in science
anatomical position
1) standing erect
2) toes pointed forward and feet flat on the floor
3) eyes directed to the horizon facing observer
4) arms by the sides with palms facing forward.
Medial
toward the midline of the body
- Lateral
away from the midline of the
body structure.
- Proximal
close to a point of attachment
or closer to the trunk of the body
- Distal
further from a point of
attachment of further from the trunk of
the body
superior
higher
inferior
lower
Midsagittal plane
: is a vertical
plane that divides the body into equal
right and left halves.
Parasagittal plane
is any vertical
plane that does not pass through the
midline of the body and divides the
body into unequal right and left
portions.
Frontal/Coronal plane
divides the
body into anterior and posterior
portions.
Horizontal/transverse plane
is the plane that divides the body into
superior and inferior portions.
2 dental arches
maxillary arch - upper arch
mandibular arch - lower arch
Anterior teeth
- teeth toward the front of the
mouth
typically include the central incisors,
lateral incisors, and canines.
- Posterior teeth
teeth toward the back of the
mouth
in the primary dentition include both the
first and second molars.
* In the permanent dentition, the posterior teeth include first and second premolars and all three molars
ENAMEL
a hard protective tissue that covers the crown of the tooth
Dentin
◦ makes up the main bulk of the tooth. Dentin is found in both the crown and root of the tooth.
* Softer than enamel, harder than cementum or bone
* Can continue to form throughout the lifespan of a tooth
Cementum
◦ covers the root of the tooth
* Attaches the tooth to the bone
* Softer than enamel or dentin
* Light yellow in colour
pulp
soft connective tissue containing nerves and blood vessels - in the center of the tooth.
Center of the tooth, surrounded by dentin
* Nourishing and sensory (pain) function
* Composed of blood vessels, lymph vessels,
connective tissues, and nerve tissue
* Two parts of the pulp cavity
◦ pulp chamber and
◦ pulp canal
* The pulp horn is the extension of the chamber
Crown
the white part of tooth, covered with enamel
CEJ
the crown and root are joined at the
cemento-enamel junction (neck of tooth)
◦ The CEJ is also called the cervical line or the cervix
Root
part of the tooth covered in cementum, embedded in the bone
- Apex
terminal end of the root
◦ Apical foramen
tiny opening in the apex of the
root for blood vessels and nerves to enter
periodontal ligament
- Between the bone of the alveolar process and the cementum is the periodontal ligament, which suspends the tooth and provides it with nourishment.
The Periodontal Ligament (PDL) can be defined as a fibrous joint that anchors the root of the tooth to the alveolar bone socket
The tooth root - radicular
◦ having to do with the tooth root.
◦ the radicular pulp is the pulp contained in the root
Single rooted
Teeth that only have one root
* Found in all anterior teeth and a few
posterior teeth
bifurcated root
- Is a root which divides into two separate parts
- This root system is typically found on lower molars
trifurcated roots
Means the division of a root into three separate parts
* This provides the tooth with maximum
anchorage against biting force
* Typically upper molars where anchorage is
essential
cuspids (canines)
There are two cuspids in each arch. They are sometimes referred to as canines.
* Location – next to the lateral incisors, establishes the corner of the arches.
* Shape – anchored with the longest root, one pointed cusp.
* Function – used for holding, grasping, and tearing food. Referred to as the cornerstone of the mouth
premolars (bicuspids)
There are four premolars in each arch. Two first premolars and two second premolars. They are sometimes referred to as bicuspids.
* Location – first premolars are next to the cuspids followed by the second premolars.
* Shape – maxillary first premolars have a bifurcated root, all others have one root, one prominent cusp with one or two lesser lingual cusps.
* Function – holding food, like canines because they have cusps; also to grind food
molars
There are six molars in each arch (3 in each
quadrant) of the permanent dentition. Two first molars, two second molars and two third molars. Third molars are sometimes called wisdom teeth.
* Location – first molars are next to the second premolars, second molars next to the first molars and third molars next to the second molars. The third molars are the farthest teeth in the mouth.
* Shape – bifurcated or trifurcated roots, broad chewing surfaces with four to five cusps.
* Function – grinding or chewing food
occlusal surfaces
on occlusal teeth - top part of posterior teeth
incisal surfaces
edge of anterior teeth
lingual surfaces
surfaces of teeth touching tongue - can be referred to as palatal surfaces for maxi teeth
- Facial surfaces
◦ Buccal
◦ Labial
Buccal - surface of teeth touching cheeks
labial - surface of teeth touching lips
- Proximal surfaces
◦ Mesial surfaces
◦ Distal surfaces
Mesial - side surface of teeth closer to midline
distal - side surface of teeth further from midline
- Interproximal area
space between the teeth
line angles
- These separate two surface of a tooth by forming a junction of the two surfaces
point angles
- The point in which 3 surfaces will meet
Periodontal Ligament
can be defined as a fibrous joint that anchors the root of the tooth to the alveolar bone socket
