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Anatomy > Anatomy - Week 12.2 PP > Flashcards

Anatomy - Week 12.2 PP Flashcards

1
Q

Tooth Anomalies - Dental Assistant Role with them

A
  • Recognition of anomaly
    -Patient education
    -Treatment considerations
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2
Q

Types of Developmental Disorders

A

-Inherited disorders (genetic) are different from developmental disorders because they are caused by an abnormal gene
*a congenital disorder is one that is present at birth
*either inherited or developmental; however, exact cause of most congenital abnormatilies is un known

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3
Q

Genetic Factors

A

Malformations that are often the result of genetic factors such as chromosoal abnormalities

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4
Q

Environmental factors

A

Called teratogens; include infections, drugs, and exposure to radiation

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5
Q

Distrubances in Jaw Development - occur during development of the jaw

A

-Macrognathia - abnormally large jaw

Micrognathia - abnormally small jaw

Exostoses - a benign bony overgrowth projecting outward from the surface of a bone (usually on maxillary)

Torus palatinus - a bony overgrowth at the midline of the hard palate

Torus mandibularis - a bony overgrowth on the lingual surface of the mandible

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6
Q

Disturbances in Lip, Palate,
and Tongue Development

A

Cleft lip - results when the maxillary and medial nasal processes fail to fuse

Cleft palate - results when palatal shelves fail to fuse with primary palate

Cleft uvula - the mildest form of cleft palate

Ankyloglossia - often called tongue-tie; results in a short lingual frenum that extends to the apex of the tongue

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7
Q

Tooth Anomalies

A
  • can happen during differnt stages of development
  • length of effect
  • heriditary or environmental cause
  • more often in permanent dentition
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8
Q

Etiology of Anomalies

A

Stages of Development

  1. initiation
  2. Proliferation
  3. Histo-differentation - difference of cell type
  4. Morpho-differentiation - difference of shape
  5. Apposition
  6. Maturation
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9
Q

Abnormal Number of Teeth

A

-Initiation stage of development

  • lack of initation within the dental lamina
    *absence of a single tooth or an entire dentition

-Associated with… (during prego)
*Ectodermal dysplasia
*Endocrine dysfunction
*Systemic disease
*Radiation

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10
Q

Anodontia (Hypodontia)

A

-Partial or complete abesense of teeth

-Commonly include:
*permanent third molars
*maxillary lateral insicors
*Mandibular second premolarrs

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11
Q

Hyperdontia

A

-Supernumary tooth or teeth

-Commonly found:
*Between permanent maxillary icisors
*Distal to third molars

-Etiology:
*Hereditary

  • more genetically common than Hypodontia
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12
Q

Mesiodens

A

small extra central incisor

erupts between two central incisors

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13
Q

Abnormal Size

A

-Bud stage of the development (proliferation stage)

  • abnormal proliferation of the tooth bud can cause a single tooth or multipe teeth or an entire dentition to be larger or smaller than usual
  • generally genetic with partial
  • endocrine dysfunction associated with complete (during prego)
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14
Q

Macrodontia

A

-abnormal increase in tooth size

  • childhood hyperpituitartism (gigantism) can cause
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15
Q

Microdontia

A

-Complete miccrodontia - extremely RARE!
*all teeth small
*associated with hypopituitarism or Down’s Syndrom

  • True Partial Microdontia
    *heritidary factors involved
    *commonlly affects the permanent maxillary lateral insicors and permanent third molars
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16
Q

Abnormal Shape

A
  • later stages of tooth development (/Aposition- Cap-Maturation)
  • Proliferation of Morphodiffrentiation process
  • Can pressent as abnormal crown or root shape
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17
Q

Dens in Dente

A

-Cap stage
-Enamel organ invaginates into the dental papillae
-Commonly affects permanent lateral incisor
-Etiology-Hereditary factors

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18
Q

Gemination

A

-Cap Stage (Maturation)
-The tooth germ tries to divide but develops a large single-rooted tooth with one pulp cavity and “twinning” in the crown of anterior teeth
-**The correct number of teeth will be present **
-Etiology - Hereditary
-an unsuccessful attempt is indicated by an incisal notch
-sometimes looks like just a notch, however, when you take an Xray it will become clear

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19
Q

Fusion

A

-Cap Stage
-Union of two adjacet tooth germs
-Results in a large tooth with two pulp cavities
-One fewer tooth in the dentition
-common on anteriors in primary dentition
-Etiology - Presssssuuuree!! Either during pregancy, during fetal growth, or right at birth

20
Q

Tubercle

A

-Cap Stage
-Small rounded enamel extension
-commonly found on posterior occlusal surfaces or anterior lingual surfaces

Etiology - Trauma, pressure, or metabolic disease.. affecting the enamel organ

21
Q

Enamel Pearl

A

-Apposition and Maturation stage
-Sphere of enamel root - almost perfectly round
-Etiology - displacement of ameloblasts to root surface

22
Q

Hypercementosis

A

-refers to excess deposition of cementum on the root surfaces
-a variety of local and systemic factors have been associated: trauma, inflammation, supraeruption, pituitary gigantism, arthritis, calcinosis, Paget’s disease, rheumatic fever, and goiter.

  • Occurs predominately in adults and an increased frequency is seen with increasing age
  • may cause concrescense
23
Q

Concrescence

A
  • Apposition and Maturation Stage
  • Union of the root structure of two or more teeth
    by cementum
  • Commonly affects the permanent maxillary molars
  • Etiology - traumatic injury or crowding of the
    teeth
24
Q

Root Formation

A

Dilaceration - results in a distorted root or severe crown angulation (caused by injury or pressure during tooth development)

  • Flexion - a deviation or bend restricted just to the root
  • Accessory roots - due to trauma, pressure or metabolic disease that effects HERS (Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath) during root developement
25
Q

Structural Anomalies

A

Resulting from disturbances in enamel and dentin
formation
- Apposition and Maturation Stages

  • Enamel or dentin dysplasia
26
Q

Enamel Dysplasia

A

-Results from a reduction in the quantity of the enamel matrix

  • Teeth appear with pitting and intrinsic colour changes in enamel
27
Q

Amelogeneis Imperfecta

A
  • Type of enamel hypoplasia/dysplasia
  • Hereditary etiology
  • Can affect all teeth of both the primary and permanent dentitions
  • Teeth have very thin enamel that chips off or have no enamel at all – crowns are thus yellow
  • Varies in severity
  • Hereditary enamel hypoplasia is a type of amelogenesis imperfecta that is characterized by teeth with crowns that are hard and glossy, yellow, and cone-shaped or cylindrical
28
Q

Dental Fluorisis

A
  • Dental fluorosis is a change in the appearance of the tooth’s enamel.
  • These changes can vary from barely noticeable white spots in mild forms to staining and pitting in the more severe forms (enamel will be severely altered)
  • Dental fluorosis only occurs when younger children consume too much fluoride from any
    source over long periods when teeth are developing under the gums
29
Q

Turner’s Teeth

A
  • Hypoplasia of the enamel involving a single permanent tooth.
  • If found on a canine or a premolar, the most likely cause is an infection that was present when the primary tooth was still in the mouth.
  • If found in the anterior area of the mouth, the most likely cause is a traumatic injury to a primary tooth
  • occurs during formation of enamel
30
Q

Congenital Syphilis

A
  • Hutchinson’s Incisors
    ◦ Abnormally shaped permanent front teeth (incisors)
    ◦ Usually associated with congenital syphilis (treponema palladium)
  • Mulberry Molars
    ◦ a first molar tooth whose occlusal surface is pitted due to congenital syphilis with nodules replacing the cusps
31
Q

Dentin Dysplasia

A
  • faulty development of dentin
32
Q

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta

A

Hereditary basis

  • results in blue-gray or brown teeth with an opalescent sheen
    -enamel appears as usual but chips off due to lack of support from the abnormal underlying dentin
  • results in severe attitrion
  • teeth that have dentinogeneisis imperfecta are opalescent and have an almost amber colour
33
Q

Tetracycline Staining

A
  • incorporation into dentinal tissue that is calcifying at the time of administration
  • the antibiotic become chemically bound to the dentin for the ife of the tooth and because of the transparency of enamel, it is visible
  • Permanent discoloration varies from yellow or gray to brown depending on the dose or the type of the drug received in ralation to body weight
34
Q

Odontoma

A

Etiology is unknown
- tumor
-local trauma
-◦ Inflammatory and/or infectious processes
◦ Dental lamina remnants
◦ Hereditary anomalies
◦ Odontoblastic hyperactivity
◦ Alterations of the genetic component responsible for
controlling dental development

-usuaslly asymptomatic
-often found when taking xrays

35
Q

Complex Odontomas

A

When the calcified dental tissues are simply arranged in an rregular mass bearing no morphologic similarity to rudimentary teeth (tumo)

36
Q

Compound odontomas

A
  • Composed of all odontogenic tissues in an orderly pattern that results in many teethlike structures but without morphologic resemblance to normal teeth
37
Q

Ameloblastoma

A

◦ A tumor composed of remnants of the dental lamina

38
Q

Degeneration Changes - Attrition

A
  • Wearing down of incisal/occlusal
  • Frictional contact
  • Grinding/occlusion
39
Q

Degeneration Changes - Abrasion

A
  • Mechanical wearing away of tooth
  • Buccal/lingual surface
  • Recession
  • Toothbrush abrasion
40
Q

Degeneration Changes - Bruxism

A

◦ Oral habit consisting of involuntary gnashing, grinding, and clenching of the teeth in
movements other than chewing
◦ Usually occurs during sleep and is commonly associated with stress or tension

41
Q

Degeneration Changes - Abfraction

A
  • V – shaped notches in dentin
  • Confused with abrasion
  • Shear and tensile stresses
  • CEJ- slight flexion
42
Q

Degeneration Changes - Erosion

A

-Chemical wearing away
-Disolving of enamel

  • bulemia
    -carbonated beverages
    -lemons
43
Q

Orofacial piercings

A

◦ Have become popular among some segments of the population
◦ Dental complications include chipped and broken teeth and serious infections at the sites
of piercings
◦ Infection can spread throughout the head and neck area, with serious results

44
Q

Premature eruption

A

◦ In premature eruption, teeth are present at birth (natal teeth)
◦ Neonatal teeth are those that erupt within the first 30 days of life

45
Q

Ankylosis

A
  • in decidous teeth affected by ankylosis, bone has fused to cementum and dentin, preventing exfoliation
46
Q

Impaction

A

Occurs when any tooth remains unerupted in the jaw beyond the time at which it should normally erupt

47
Q
A

Anatomy (33 decks)

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