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Anatomy > Anatomy - Week 12 PP > Flashcards

Anatomy - Week 12 PP Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Supply to the Head and Neck

A
  • It is important to be able to locate the larger blood
    vessels of the head and neck
  • These vessels may become compromised by disease or during such dental procedures as administering local anesthetic injections
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2
Q

Major Arteries of the
Face and Oral Cavity

A

-Common carotoid artery
-Internal carotoid artery
-External carotid artery

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3
Q

Common carotid artery

A

-arises from the aorta and subdivides into the internal and external carotid arteries

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4
Q

Internal carotid artery

A
  • supplies blood to the brain and eyes
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5
Q

External carotid artery

A

-provides the major blood supply to the face and mouth

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6
Q

External Carotid Artery branches into..

A

Facial artery - 6 braches supply: pharyngeal muscles, soft palate, tonsils, posterior tongue, submandibular gland, muscles of the face, nasal septum, nose and eyelids
◦ Lingual artery -Several branches supply: tongue, floor of the mouth, lingual gingiva a portion of the soft palate and tonsils
◦ Maxillary artery – Divides into the inferior alveolar, ptergyoid and pterygopalatine
◦ Mandibular artery

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7
Q

Muscles of facial expression blood supply

A

Branches and small arteries from maxillary, facial,
and ophthalmic arteries

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8
Q

Maxillary bones blood supply

A

anterior, middle, and posterior alveolar arteries

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9
Q

Maxillary teeth blood supply

A

anterior, middle, and posterior alveolar arteries

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10
Q

Mandible blood supply

A

inferior alveolar arteries

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11
Q

mandibular teeth blood supply

A

inferior alveolar artieries

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12
Q

tongue blood supply

A

lingual artery

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13
Q

muscles of mastication blood supply

A

facial arteries

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14
Q

Major Veins of the
Face and the Oral Cavity

A
  • Maxillary vein
  • Retromandibular vein
  • External jugular vein
  • Subclavian vein
  • Facial vein
  • Common facial vein
  • Deep facial vein
  • Lingual veins
  • Internal jugular vein
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15
Q

Nerves of the Head & Neck

A
  • Understanding the nerves of the head and neck is
    important for the use of local anesthesia during dental treatment
  • The nerves are related to certain conditions of the face, such as facial paralysis
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16
Q

Nervous System is composed of…

A

Central nervous system:
-brain
-spinal cord

Peripheral nervous sustem
*Autonomic nervous system - automatically done
-Sympathetic - fight & flight
-Parasympathetic - rest & digest responses
*Somatic nervous system - under your control

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17
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, all connected to the brain

  • These functions serve both sensory and motor functions
  • The cranial nerves are generally named for the area or function they serve and are also identified with the use of Roman Numerals
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18
Q

Olfactory Nerve

A

Sense of Smell

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19
Q

Optic Nerve

A

Sense of sight

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20
Q

Oculomotor

A

movement of eye muscles

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21
Q

Trochlear nerve

A

movement of eye muscles

22
Q

Trigeminal Nerve

A

Movement of muscles of mastication an other cranial muscles

General sensations for face, head, skin, teeth and oral cavity & tongue

23
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A
  • Is the primary source of innervation for the oral cavity
  • Subdivides into 3 main divisions:
    1. Ophthalmic division (V1)
    2. Maxillary division (V2)
    3. Mandibular division (V3)
24
Q

Maxillary Division (V2)

A

-Supplies the maxillary teeth, periosteum, mucous membrane, maxillary sinuses, and soft palate

  • Subdivides into the:
    ◦ Nasopalatine nerve
    ◦ Greater palatine nerve
    ◦ Anterior superior alveolar nerve ◦ Middle superior alveolar nerve ◦ Posterior superior alveolar nerve
25
Q

Nasopalatine Nerve

A
  • Passes through the incisive foramen
  • Supplies the mucoperiosteum palatal to the maxillary anterior teeth
26
Q

Anterior/Greater Palatine Nerve

A
  • Passes through the posterior palatine foramen and forward over the palate
  • Supplies the mucoperiosteum, intermingling with the nasopalatine nerve
27
Q

Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerve (ASA)

A
  • Supplies the maxillary central, lateral, and cuspid teeth, along with their periodontal membranes and gingivae
  • Also supplies the maxillary sinus
28
Q

Middle Superior Alveolar Nerve (MSA)

A
  • Supplies the maxillary first and second premolars, the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar, and the maxillary sinus
29
Q

Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve
(PSA)

A
  • Supplies the other roots of the maxillary first molar and the maxillary second and third molars
  • Also branches forward to serve the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus
30
Q

Mandibular Division
of the Trigeminal Nerve - 3 main subdivisions

A
  • The buccal nerve
  • The lingual nerve
    -The inferior alveolar nerve
31
Q

The buccal nerve

A
  • supplies branches to the buccal mucous membrane and mucoperiosteum of the mandibular molar teeth
32
Q

The lingual nerve

A
  • supplies the anterior two thirds of the tongue and gives off branches to supply the lingual mucous membrane and mucoperiosteum
33
Q

the inferior alveolar nerve

A

-further subdivides into the mylohyiod nerve, mental nerve, incisive nerve, and small dental nerves that supply the molar and premolar teeth, alveolar processes and periosteum

34
Q

Inferior Alveolar Nerve (IAN)

A
  1. Mylohyoid nerve
    ◦ supplies the mylohyoid muscles and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.
  2. Small dental nerves
    ◦ supply the molar and premolar teeth, alveolar process, and periosteum.
  3. Mental nerve
    ◦ moves outward and anteriorly through the mental foramen and supplies the chin and mucous membrane of the lower lip.
  4. Incisive nerve
    ◦ continues anteriorly within the bone and gives off small branches to supply the incisor teeth
35
Q

Cranial Nerve VII - Facial Nerve

A

Mixed Nerve
-Sensory portion concerned with taste; motor portion controls facial expression and secretion of tears and saliva

  • Damage causes sagging facial muscles and a distored sense of taste
36
Q

Injection Techniques

A

The location and innervation of the tooth or teeth to be anesthetized will determine where topical anesthetic is placed, and the type of injection given
◦ Maxillary anesthesia
◦ Palatal anesthesia
◦ Mandibular anesthesia

37
Q

Maxillary Anesthesia

A
  • Local anesthesia injection techniques differ from mandibular approaches because of the porous nature of alveolar cancellous bone in the maxilla.
  • Allows the anesthetic solution to diffuse through the bone and reach the apices of the teeth in a different manner than the mandible
38
Q

Injection Techniques - Maxilla

A
  • Local infiltration is completed by injecting into a small, isolated area
  • Field block refers to the injection of anesthetic near a larger terminal nerve branch
  • Nerve block occurs when local anesthetic is deposited close to a main nerve trunk
39
Q

Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve Block anestheizes..

A

◦ Maxillary 2nd and 3rd Molars and the distobuccal and
lingual root of the 1st molar and surrounding buccal
gingiva

40
Q

Middle Superior Alveolar Nerve block anesthesizes….

A

◦ Maxillary 1st and 2nd premolars and the mesiobuccal
root of the 1st molar and surrounding buccal gingiva

41
Q

Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerve Block anesthesizes…

A

Maxillary central, lateral and cuspid teeth and the
surrounding buccal gingiva

42
Q

Palatal Anesthesia

A
  • Local anesthesia in the palatal area may be
    necessary for procedures that involve the soft
    tissues of the palate
43
Q

Greater Palatine Nerve

A

 Passes through the posterior palatine foramen
 Innervates the mucosa of the hard palate (except lingual to the
maxillary incisors)

44
Q

Nasopalatine Nerve

A

 Passes through the incisive foramen
 Innervates the gingiva palatal to the maxillary anterior teeth

45
Q

Mandibular Anesthesia

A
  • Because of the dense, compact nature of the mandibular bone, anesthetic solution does not
    diffuse easily through it
  • Block anesthesia is frequently required for most mandibular teeth
  • Solution is injected near a major nerve, and the entire area served by that nerve branch is numbed
    ◦ Inferior alveolar nerve block (mandibular nerve block)
    ◦ Buccal nerve block
    ◦ Incisive nerve block
46
Q

Mandibular Innervation - Buccal Nerve

A
  • Buccal Nerve
    ◦ Supplies branches to the buccal mucous membrane of the mandibular molars
47
Q

Mandibular Innervation - Lingual Nerve

A
  • Lingual Nerve
    ◦ Supplies the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue and the lingual mucous membrane
48
Q

Mandibular Innervation - Inferior Alveolar

A
  • Inferior Alveolar (subdivides)
    ◦ Small dental nerves supply the molar and premolar teeth
    ◦ Mental nerve - exits through the mental foramen and supplies the chin and mucous membrane of the lower lip
    ◦ Incisive/mental nerve – continues anteriorly within the bone and branches supply the incisor teeth
49
Q

Periodontal Ligament Injection

A
  • Injection of the anesthetic solution under pressure directly into the periodontal ligament and
    surrounding tissues
  • Periodontal ligament injection is generally an adjunct (addition) to conventional techniques
50
Q

Other Injection Techniques

A
  • Intra-osseus
  • Gow-Gates Mandibular Block - higher up on nerve branch, main branch of trigemal (not performed often)
  • Vazirani-Akinosi Mandibular Block
51
Q
A

Anatomy (29 decks)

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