Anatomy - Outcome 2

Question 1

Organizational Levels

Answer 1

Level 1 - Cells
Level 2 - Tissues
Level 3 - Organs
Level 4 - Organ Systems
Level 5 - Organisms

Question 2

Level 1 - Cells are..

Answer 2

Are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
May serve a specific function within the organism

intercellular substance
tissue fluid

Question 3

Level 2 - Tissues are..

Answer 3

Made up of cells that are similar in structure and function and which work together to perform a specific activity

4 Primary Groups
epithelial
connective
muscle
nerve

Question 4

Level 3 - Organs are..

Answer 4

Made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity

examples:
heart
lungs
liver
bones
skin

Question 5

Level 4 - Organ Systems are..

Answer 5

Groups of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function for the organism.

examples:
Skin, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive

Question 6

Level 5 - Organisms are..

Answer 6

Entire living things can carry out all basic life processes. Meaning they can take in materials, release energy from food, release wastes, grow, respond to the environment, and reproduce.
Usually made up of organ systems, but an organism may be made up of only one cell such as bacteria or protozoa.

example: human body

Question 7

Skeletal System Purpose

Answer 7

Protection, support & Shape

Question 8

Muscular System purpose

Answer 8

Holding body erect, locomotion, movement of body fluids, production of body heat, communication

Question 9

Cardiovascular system purpose

Answer 9

Respiratory, nutritive, excretory

Question 10

Lymphatic & Immune Systems purpose

Answer 10

Defense against disease

Question 11

Nervous System purpose

Answer 11

Reception of stimuli, the transmission of messages

Question 12

Respiratory System purpose

Answer 12

Transport of oxygen to cells, excretion of carbon dioxide, and some water wastes

Question 13

Digestive system purpose

Answer 13

Digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, elimination of solid wastes

Question 14

Urinary System purpose

Answer 14

Formation and elimination of urine

Question 15

Integumentary (skin) System purpose

Answer 15

Protection of the body, regulation of body temperature

Question 16

Endocrine System purpose

Answer 16

Integration of bodily functions, control of growth

Question 17

how disorders of skeletal system may impact the oral health

Answer 17

disorder - arthritis, fractures, osteoporosis

dental concern - may affect the bones of the mandible

Question 18

Reproductive System purpose

Answer 18

Production of new life

Question 19

disorders of the muscular system may impact the oral health

Answer 19

disorder - sprains, tension contusions, atrophy

dental concern - may affect the muscles of the head and neck

Question 19

disorders of the cardiovascular system may impact the oral health

Answer 19

disorder - endocarditis, pericarditis
dental concern - it can be caused by bacteria as a result of dental treatment

Question 20

disorders of the lymphatic and immune systems may impact the oral health

Answer 20

disorder - Swelling of lymph glands, compromised immune systems (lupus)

dental concern - Swelling may affect the ability to swallow, lupus can cause mouth and lip sores as well as a burning sensation in the mouth.

Question 21

disorders of the nervous system may impact the oral health

Answer 21

disorder - MS, parkinsons, epilepsy

dental concern - may cause tremors, seizures, affecting dental treatment process

Question 22

disorders of the respiratory system may impact the oral health

Answer 22

disorders - Pneumonia, Tuberculosis sinusitis, Pharyngitis

dental concern - This may affect the patient’s ability to breathe effectively or swallow.

Question 23

disorders of the digestive system may impact the oral health

Answer 23

disorders - reflux, ulcers

dental concern - May cause nutritional deficiencies in patients that affect oral structures.

Question 24

disorders of the integumentary system may impact the oral health

Answer 24

disorder - Abscesses, Carcinomas

dental concern - May be found in oral structures.

Question 25

disorders of the endocrine system may impact the oral health

Answer 25

disorders - Diabetes, thyroid disorders

dental concerns - May cause nutritional deficiencies. Medications may affect oral structures.

Question 26

4 primary groups of tissues

Answer 26

1. epithelial tissue
2. connective tissue
3. muscle tissue
4. nerve tissue

Question 27

Epithelial Tissue is…

Answer 27

covers and lines the external and internal body surfaces and serve as a protective covering or lining. They are also involved in tissue absorption, secretion, sensory and other specialized functions.

Question 28

Connective Tissue is..

Answer 28

is the most abundant type of basic tissue in the body. It is usually composed of cells spaced apart and large amounts of matrix between the cells. Connective tissue is involved in support, attachment, packing insulation, storage, transport, repair and defense.

Question 29

Muscle tissue is…

Answer 29

part of the muscular system. They have the ability to lengthen and shorten which produces movement of body parts.

Question 30

Nerve tissue is..

Answer 30

forms the nervous system of the body. They are responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities. They carry messages or electrical impulses from all areas of the body to the brain and from the brain to various areas of the body

Question 31

The Tongue has how many types of tissues?

Answer 31

has all 4 tissues

Epithelial – surface / protective cover
Connective Tissue – underneath – support and nourishment
Muscle Tissue – movement
Nerve Tissue – motor and sensory

Question 32

Classification of Epithelial Tissues

Answer 32

There are 2 types of epithelial tissue:
1. Covering and lining
2. Glandular or secretory

Epithelial Tissue can be classed into two major categories based on the arrangement of the epithelial cells into layers:

1. Simple (single layer)
2. Stratified (more than 1 layer)
   a. Pseudostratified (appear stratified, but are actually in a single layer)
   Epithelial tissue can be further classified according to the shape or the cellular structure of the different types of epithelial cells, squamous, cuboidal and columnar.

Question 33

Classification of Connective Tissue

Answer 33

Type:
1. Adipose - fat tissue
2. Supportive - osseous (bone - protects and supports soft tissues) & cartilage
3. Dense fibrous - ligaments and tendons
4. Vascular - blood & lymph tissue

Texture:
1. Soft - Loose - both loose and dense are found in adjacent layers known as connective tissue proper
2. Firm - Cartilage
3. Rigid - Bone
4. Fluid - blood & lymph

Question 34

Nerve Tissue Divisions

Answer 34

1. Central Nervous System (CNS)
   -Brain, Spinal Cord, grey/white matter
2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
   - all nerves leaving CNS - tough, increased amount of connective tissue
   -Nerves associated with other organs of the body

Question 35

Muscle Tissue - 3 divisions

Answer 35

1. Smooth Muscle Tissue - involuntary
   - walls of intestines, walls of blood vessels & roots of hair
2. Striated Muscle Tissue - voluntary
   - all skeletal muscle
3. Striated Muscle Tissue - involuntary
   - heart (cardiac muscle)

Question 36

System that plays a key role in blood formation?

Answer 36

Skeletal

Question 37

system that helps regulate blood volume & pressure

Answer 37

urinary

Question 38

system that produces immune cells

Answer 38

lymphatic