Anatomy - Outcome 2 Flashcards by Jayden Bohn

Organizational Levels

Level 1 - Cells
Level 2 - Tissues
Level 3 - Organs
Level 4 - Organ Systems
Level 5 - Organisms

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Level 1 - Cells are..

Are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
May serve a specific function within the organism

intercellular substance
tissue fluid

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Level 2 - Tissues are..

Made up of cells that are similar in structure and function and which work together to perform a specific activity

4 Primary Groups
epithelial
connective
muscle
nerve

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Level 3 - Organs are..

Made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity

examples:
heart
lungs
liver
bones
skin

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Level 4 - Organ Systems are..

Groups of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function for the organism.

examples:
Skin, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive

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Level 5 - Organisms are..

Entire living things can carry out all basic life processes. Meaning they can take in materials, release energy from food, release wastes, grow, respond to the environment, and reproduce.
Usually made up of organ systems, but an organism may be made up of only one cell such as bacteria or protozoa.

example: human body

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Skeletal System Purpose

Protection, support & Shape

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Muscular System purpose

Holding body erect, locomotion, movement of body fluids, production of body heat, communication

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Cardiovascular system purpose

Respiratory, nutritive, excretory

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Lymphatic & Immune Systems purpose

Defense against disease

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Nervous System purpose

Reception of stimuli, the transmission of messages

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Respiratory System purpose

Transport of oxygen to cells, excretion of carbon dioxide, and some water wastes

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Digestive system purpose

Digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, elimination of solid wastes

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Urinary System purpose

Formation and elimination of urine

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Integumentary (skin) System purpose

Protection of the body, regulation of body temperature

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Endocrine System purpose

Integration of bodily functions, control of growth

how disorders of skeletal system may impact the oral health

disorder - arthritis, fractures, osteoporosis

dental concern - may affect the bones of the mandible

Reproductive System purpose

Production of new life

disorders of the muscular system may impact the oral health

disorder - sprains, tension contusions, atrophy

dental concern - may affect the muscles of the head and neck

disorders of the cardiovascular system may impact the oral health

disorder - endocarditis, pericarditis
dental concern - it can be caused by bacteria as a result of dental treatment

disorders of the lymphatic and immune systems may impact the oral health

disorder - Swelling of lymph glands, compromised immune systems (lupus)

dental concern - Swelling may affect the ability to swallow, lupus can cause mouth and lip sores as well as a burning sensation in the mouth.

disorders of the nervous system may impact the oral health

disorder - MS, parkinsons, epilepsy

dental concern - may cause tremors, seizures, affecting dental treatment process

disorders of the respiratory system may impact the oral health

disorders - Pneumonia, Tuberculosis sinusitis, Pharyngitis

dental concern - This may affect the patient’s ability to breathe effectively or swallow.

disorders of the digestive system may impact the oral health

disorders - reflux, ulcers

dental concern - May cause nutritional deficiencies in patients that affect oral structures.

disorders of the integumentary system may impact the oral health

disorder - Abscesses, Carcinomas dental concern - May be found in oral structures.

disorders of the endocrine system may impact the oral health

disorders - Diabetes, thyroid disorders dental concerns - May cause nutritional deficiencies. Medications may affect oral structures.

4 primary groups of tissues

1. epithelial tissue 2. connective tissue 3. muscle tissue 4. nerve tissue

Epithelial Tissue is...

covers and lines the external and internal body surfaces and serve as a protective covering or lining. They are also involved in tissue absorption, secretion, sensory and other specialized functions.

Connective Tissue is..

is the most abundant type of basic tissue in the body. It is usually composed of cells spaced apart and large amounts of matrix between the cells. Connective tissue is involved in support, attachment, packing insulation, storage, transport, repair and defense.

Muscle tissue is...

part of the muscular system. They have the ability to lengthen and shorten which produces movement of body parts.

Nerve tissue is..

forms the nervous system of the body. They are responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities. They carry messages or electrical impulses from all areas of the body to the brain and from the brain to various areas of the body

The Tongue has how many types of tissues?

has all 4 tissues Epithelial – surface / protective cover Connective Tissue – underneath – support and nourishment Muscle Tissue – movement Nerve Tissue – motor and sensory

Classification of Epithelial Tissues

There are 2 types of epithelial tissue: 1. Covering and lining 2. Glandular or secretory Epithelial Tissue can be classed into two major categories based on the arrangement of the epithelial cells into layers: 1. Simple (single layer) 2. Stratified (more than 1 layer) a. Pseudostratified (appear stratified, but are actually in a single layer) Epithelial tissue can be further classified according to the shape or the cellular structure of the different types of epithelial cells, squamous, cuboidal and columnar.

Classification of Connective Tissue

Type: 1. Adipose - fat tissue 2. Supportive - osseous (bone - protects and supports soft tissues) & cartilage 3. Dense fibrous - ligaments and tendons 4. Vascular - blood & lymph tissue Texture: 1. Soft - Loose - both loose and dense are found in adjacent layers known as connective tissue proper 2. Firm - Cartilage 3. Rigid - Bone 4. Fluid - blood & lymph

Nerve Tissue Divisions

1. Central Nervous System (CNS) -Brain, Spinal Cord, grey/white matter 2. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - all nerves leaving CNS - tough, increased amount of connective tissue -Nerves associated with other organs of the body

Muscle Tissue - 3 divisions

1. Smooth Muscle Tissue - involuntary - walls of intestines, walls of blood vessels & roots of hair 2. Striated Muscle Tissue - voluntary - all skeletal muscle 4. Striated Muscle Tissue - involuntary - heart (cardiac muscle)

System that plays a key role in blood formation?

Skeletal

system that helps regulate blood volume & pressure

urinary

system that produces immune cells

lymphatic