Anatomy - Outcome 2 Flashcards
Organizational Levels
Level 1 - Cells
Level 2 - Tissues
Level 3 - Organs
Level 4 - Organ Systems
Level 5 - Organisms
Level 1 - Cells are..
Are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
May serve a specific function within the organism
intercellular substance
tissue fluid
Level 2 - Tissues are..
Made up of cells that are similar in structure and function and which work together to perform a specific activity
4 Primary Groups
epithelial
connective
muscle
nerve
Level 3 - Organs are..
Made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity
examples:
heart
lungs
liver
bones
skin
Level 4 - Organ Systems are..
Groups of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function for the organism.
examples:
Skin, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Circulatory, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive
Level 5 - Organisms are..
Entire living things can carry out all basic life processes. Meaning they can take in materials, release energy from food, release wastes, grow, respond to the environment, and reproduce.
Usually made up of organ systems, but an organism may be made up of only one cell such as bacteria or protozoa.
example: human body
Skeletal System Purpose
Protection, support & Shape
Muscular System purpose
Holding body erect, locomotion, movement of body fluids, production of body heat, communication
Cardiovascular system purpose
Respiratory, nutritive, excretory
Lymphatic & Immune Systems purpose
Defense against disease
Nervous System purpose
Reception of stimuli, the transmission of messages
Respiratory System purpose
Transport of oxygen to cells, excretion of carbon dioxide, and some water wastes
Digestive system purpose
Digestion of food, absorption of nutrients, elimination of solid wastes
Urinary System purpose
Formation and elimination of urine
Integumentary (skin) System purpose
Protection of the body, regulation of body temperature
Endocrine System purpose
Integration of bodily functions, control of growth
how disorders of skeletal system may impact the oral health
disorder - arthritis, fractures, osteoporosis
dental concern - may affect the bones of the mandible
Reproductive System purpose
Production of new life
disorders of the muscular system may impact the oral health
disorder - sprains, tension contusions, atrophy
dental concern - may affect the muscles of the head and neck
disorders of the cardiovascular system may impact the oral health
disorder - endocarditis, pericarditis
dental concern - it can be caused by bacteria as a result of dental treatment
disorders of the lymphatic and immune systems may impact the oral health
disorder - Swelling of lymph glands, compromised immune systems (lupus)
dental concern - Swelling may affect the ability to swallow, lupus can cause mouth and lip sores as well as a burning sensation in the mouth.
disorders of the nervous system may impact the oral health
disorder - MS, parkinsons, epilepsy
dental concern - may cause tremors, seizures, affecting dental treatment process
disorders of the respiratory system may impact the oral health
disorders - Pneumonia, Tuberculosis sinusitis, Pharyngitis
dental concern - This may affect the patient’s ability to breathe effectively or swallow.
disorders of the digestive system may impact the oral health
disorders - reflux, ulcers
dental concern - May cause nutritional deficiencies in patients that affect oral structures.
disorders of the integumentary system may impact the oral health
disorder - Abscesses, Carcinomas
dental concern - May be found in oral structures.
disorders of the endocrine system may impact the oral health
disorders - Diabetes, thyroid disorders
dental concerns - May cause nutritional deficiencies. Medications may affect oral structures.
4 primary groups of tissues
- epithelial tissue
- connective tissue
- muscle tissue
- nerve tissue
Epithelial Tissue is…
covers and lines the external and internal body surfaces and serve as a protective covering or lining. They are also involved in tissue absorption, secretion, sensory and other specialized functions.
Connective Tissue is..
is the most abundant type of basic tissue in the body. It is usually composed of cells spaced apart and large amounts of matrix between the cells. Connective tissue is involved in support, attachment, packing insulation, storage, transport, repair and defense.
Muscle tissue is…
part of the muscular system. They have the ability to lengthen and shorten which produces movement of body parts.
Nerve tissue is..
forms the nervous system of the body. They are responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities. They carry messages or electrical impulses from all areas of the body to the brain and from the brain to various areas of the body
The Tongue has how many types of tissues?
has all 4 tissues
Epithelial – surface / protective cover
Connective Tissue – underneath – support and nourishment
Muscle Tissue – movement
Nerve Tissue – motor and sensory
Classification of Epithelial Tissues
There are 2 types of epithelial tissue:
1. Covering and lining
2. Glandular or secretory
Epithelial Tissue can be classed into two major categories based on the arrangement of the epithelial cells into layers:
- Simple (single layer)
- Stratified (more than 1 layer)
a. Pseudostratified (appear stratified, but are actually in a single layer)
Epithelial tissue can be further classified according to the shape or the cellular structure of the different types of epithelial cells, squamous, cuboidal and columnar.
Classification of Connective Tissue
Type:
1. Adipose - fat tissue
2. Supportive - osseous (bone - protects and supports soft tissues) & cartilage
3. Dense fibrous - ligaments and tendons
4. Vascular - blood & lymph tissue
Texture:
1. Soft - Loose - both loose and dense are found in adjacent layers known as connective tissue proper
2. Firm - Cartilage
3. Rigid - Bone
4. Fluid - blood & lymph
Nerve Tissue Divisions
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
-Brain, Spinal Cord, grey/white matter - Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- all nerves leaving CNS - tough, increased amount of connective tissue
-Nerves associated with other organs of the body
Muscle Tissue - 3 divisions
- Smooth Muscle Tissue - involuntary
- walls of intestines, walls of blood vessels & roots of hair - Striated Muscle Tissue - voluntary
- all skeletal muscle - Striated Muscle Tissue - involuntary
- heart (cardiac muscle)
System that plays a key role in blood formation?
Skeletal
system that helps regulate blood volume & pressure
urinary
system that produces immune cells
lymphatic
