Anatomy - Outcome 13 Flashcards

Question

Treatment of Lichen Planus

Answer 1

Treatment (mostly atrophic and erosive) Topical steroids cancerous link – currently investigated

Answer 2

-chronic non-healing -non-painful -common floor of mouth, lateral tongue, and oropharynx -risk factors: tobacco, alcohol, solar radiation, genetics, nutritional deficiency, immunosuppression, and infections -deep ulcerated mass with red, raw, raised borders -surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy

Answer 3

-etiology: trauma, human papilloma-virus -usually solitary, white, papillary lesions attached with a pedunculated base -occurs most often on the soft palate and ventral surface of the tongue - local excision required

Answer 4

-contagious, children -red, itchy rash -vesicles, pustules -oral manifestations -vaccine (Varivax)

Answer 5

-infection of chickenpox in adults -reactivation of dormant virus due to immune changes, aging, cancer, unknown -painful vesicles -trunk and face are the most common sites

Answer 6

-natural (melanin) -smokers – darkened epithelium

Answer 7

-amalgam interproximal -old silverpoint endodontics

Answer 8

-a swelling containing effused (fluid from blood vessels which has escaped into the tissues or a cavity) blood -bruising from trauma, eruption, infection

Answer 9

-benign, neoplasm of the endothelial cells that form blood vessels -can be present at birth or form later in life -red, blue, and purple nodule with a broad base occurs most often on the tongue, lips, and buccal mucosa -Kaposi’s sarcoma - malignancy of blood vessels (most often occurs on the hard palate/gingival) -local excision, laser therapy -solitary or multiple

Answer 10

Median Rhomboid Glossitis Bifid Tongue Ankyloglossia Microglossia Macroglossia Fissured/Furrowed Tongue Amenia Hairy Tongue Geographic Tongue Xerostomia

Answer 11

-Considered to be a clinical manifestation of chronic erythematous candidiasis -red patch devoid of Filiform papillae on the midline dorsal of the tongue -antifungal

Answer 12

-lack of fusion of embryonic tissues -V-shaped notch

Answer 13

-short lingual frenum -tongue-tied -affect suckling, speech -treatment surgery

Answer 14

-very small tongue -other developmental anomalies

Answer 15

-large tongue -over incisal edges, above the occlusal plane causes: -benign cyst deep hemangioma - muscular hypertrophy - Down’s syndrome - Acromegaly - speech, displaced teeth

Answer 16

deep folds food retention, halitosis good oral hygiene important

Answer 17

-decreased oxygen delivery -lack of iron (vitamin B12) -bald, burning – no papillae

Answer 18

-overgrowth of papillae -smoking -chemotherapy, white coating -antibiotic therapy -improve OH

Answer 19

-benign inflammatory condition -loss of Filiform papillae – red and white patches -areas at different stages, healing -gives geographic appearance -spontaneous emissions and reoccurrence

Answer 20

dry fissured tongue pale, red, atrophic

Answer 21

Sublingual Gland Ducts Prominent Veins Mandibular Tori

Answer 22

- Wharton's Duct It has one major duct which opens with the submandibular duct and several smaller ducts which open in a line along the sublingual fold

Answer 23

-mistaken for hemangiomas -sublingual veins (tongue also)

Answer 24

-lingual -overgrowth of bone/bilateral -normal -lower denture, radiographs

Answer 25

Torus Palatinus (Maxi Torus) Nicotine Stomatitis

Answer 26

-bony outgrowth on the palate -bilateral or in the midline -lobulated -exostosis -bony outgrowth on the buccal surface

Answer 27

-smoker’s palate (long-term) -white papules, red centers -inflamed minor salivary ducts -regression with cessation

Answer 28

Herpangina Tonsillar Tissue

Answer 29

-highly contagious -coxsackie virus -light grey vesicles – ulcers -red shiny, soft palate -sore throat, fever (1 - 2 wks)

Answer 30

-lymphoid tissue -enlarge during infections -hyperplastic - removed

Answer 31

The oral mucosa is an excellent indicator of an individual’s health. Numerous diseases manifest themselves by causing alterations in the oral tissues, which may be of diagnostic benefit to the dental professional.

Answer 32

The blueness of the lips, cyanosis, indicates reduced blood oxygen content.

Answer 33

Lead poisoning imparts a characteristic blue line to the gingival margin.

Answer 34

Vitamin C deficiency → scurvy, whose earliest manifestations are swollen, bleeding gingivae, and loosened teeth.

Answer 35

Lack of Vitamin D → rickets which results in lesions of the permanent dentition, such as dimpled or furrowed enamel, and poorly calcified hard tissues.

Answer 36

Leukemias manifest by gingival infiltration, ulceration, and bleeding.

Answer 37

may be diagnosed very early by observing “Kolik’s Spots” (yellow spots on a red surface) on the buccal mucosa in the area of the maxillary molars.

Answer 38

is observed as mucous patches on the oral mucosa during its secondary stage.

Answer 39

appear as fever blisters on the lips and gingiva which may rupture and ulcerate

Answer 40

resemble herpes infections but are believed to be caused by different organisms.

Answer 41

is irregular opaque, whitish regions on the oral mucosa which are believed to be precancerous lesions.

Answer 42

Some signs of AIDS are seen in the mouth, for example, Kaposi’s Sarcoma (a tumor or blood vessel) often occurs in the mouth. Thrush, a fungal infection causes thick milk-like plaques to form on the tongue, the roof of the mouth, and inside of the cheeks. Leukoplakias, gingival infections, herpetic lesions and oral cancers have also been seen in patients with AIDS

Answer 43

Pathologies specific to the oral cavity are dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and periapical cysts. Gingivitis and periodontitis are the most common of all oral diseases, while dental caries, especially in areas of fluoridated water, have been greatly reduced.

Answer 44

-fungal infection caused by the yeast-like fungus candida albicans -opportunistic infection -change in normal oral flora (overgrowth of oral flora)

Answer 45

Pseudomembranous Candidiasis Hyperplastic Candidiasis Atrophic Candidiasis

Answer 46

-also, known as thrush -C. Albicans – normal in the oral cavity -infants – more vaginal thrush -adults – antibiotics, steroids, immunocompromised, chemotherapy -diffuse, white mucosal plaque -rubbed off, red underneath -2 weeks of antifungal medication

Answer 47

-chronic irritation, poor OH -smokers, dentures -white patch, red areas -cannot be rubbed off (leukoplakia) -biopsy for diagnosis (antifungal/surgery)

Answer 48

-also, known as erythematous candidiasis -antibiotic sore mouth -antibiotics wide spectrum, long term, steroids -lactobacillus vs c. albicans (↓ lactobacillus) -red patches, painful -remove the cause -antifungal -chronic – under dentures (ill-fitting, not being removed)

Answer 49

-cannot be considered an infectious disease since its etiology is unknown -confusion exists because both HSV and RAU share the following characteristics: *they are painful, recurrent, superficial oval ulcers that heal spontaneously in 8-14 days *they heal spontaneously without sequelae (progression) *they are associated with a tender regional lymphadenitis

Answer 50

bacterial allergic psychological nutritional traumatic endocrine heredity stress autoimmune disease with poorly understood trigger (T cell-mediated)

Answer 51

-recurrent aphthous ulcer (aphthous minor) – the most common form known as the “canker” sore by the public which will be described below -recurrent aphthous major – a more severe form characterized by large, very painful ulcers which recur often and persist for a long period of time, then leave a scar upon healing

Answer 52

-a prodromal period from several hours – 2 days during which time the patient experiences an itching or burning sensation at the site where the lesion will occur -the initial lesion begins as a red, swollen macule or papule that eventually necroses and ulcerates -the ulcer is shallow with a yellow necrotic center, usually less than 1 cm, and surrounded by an intense erythematous halo. The base of the ulcer is covered with a yellow-gray necrotic slough. One to several ulcers in an area -lesion tends to establish itself on freely movable (nonkeratinized) mucosa -ulcer tends to resolve within 2 weeks without scar formation

Answer 53

Topical anesthetics for pain control Prevention: -avoid trigger foods (nuts, chocolate, acidic fruit) -avoid trauma (toothbrush, cheek bite) -avoid sodium lauryl sulfate – soap in most toothpaste and mouthwash

Answer 54

-initial infection with the herpes simplex virus -occurs between the ages of 6 mos. and 6 yrs -usually more serious and more painful than recurrent herpes -usually contracted by direct contact with an active lesion or contaminated saliva -systemic manifestations include high fever, irritability, malaise, headache, nausea, dehydration, dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing), regional lymphadenopathy

Answer 55

1. asymptomatic with flu-like symptoms 2. symptomatic -marginal gingiva fiery red, swollen Interdental papillae -widespread inflammation -clusters of yellow vesicles throughout the mouth -an outbreak generally lasts 2 - 10 days

Answer 56

-soft diet, rest, maintenance of good oral hygiene -analgesics as needed and possibly a mouth rinse -fluids should be encouraged to prevent dehydration -antiviral agents

Answer 57

Herpes simplex virus can develop as an occupational hazard on the hands; i.e., Herpetic Whitlow, or on the eyes; i.e., Herpetic conjunctivitis. The virus has the potential to spread from the infected patient and infect such areas as the eyes, mouth or fingers and hands. Clinical features of Herpetic Whitlow include: -intense itching pain -vesicles that are filled with a clear fluid that eventually turn yellow -possibly flu-like symptoms The importance of an infection control protocol cannot be overemphasized.

Answer 58

1. Recurrent Herpes labialis -more frequent -typically same area on the lip 2. Recurrent herpetic stomatitis -less visible and frequent -on attached gingival

Answer 59

stress: mental or physical the onset of menstruation flu; fever cold overexposure to the sun improper diet; change in diet; stress inadequate rest (fatigue) overall lowered resistance tissue manipulation: that is experienced in a lengthy dental appointment careless manipulation of the oral tissues post scale/root plane illness upper respiratory tract or G.I. infections allergies

Answer 60

-burning sensation, swelling, and soreness at the site where the vesicles will appear -vesicle formation -thin-walled blister which ruptures and becomes a small shallow ulcer -a crust forms 2 - 3 days later and then the lesions dry up -an outbreak generally lasts 5 - 7 days infectivity period: experts disagree on the length of time a lesion remains contagious. Thus, to be safe, it can be assumed that the contagious period lasts from the first sign of the virus (tingling sensations) until the lesions are completely healed (new skin)

Answer 61

varies with the type and location of the infection

Answer 62

healthy body decrease stress a daily log for triggers