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BDS3 OSCE > Anatomy Summary > Flashcards

Anatomy Summary Flashcards

1
Q

What are bones of the vault of the skull

A

Frontal bone (joined together by the metopic suture)
Parietal bones
Occipital bone

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2
Q

How do bones of the vault of the skull form

A

via intramembranous ossification

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3
Q

What are bones of the norma lateralis

A 
Frontal
Occipital
Temporal
Parietal
Sphenoid
Zygomatic
Mandible
Maxilla
nasal
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4
Q

What is pterion

A

lace where the sphenoid, parietal, frontal and temporal bone meet. It is prone to breakage due to its thickness

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5
Q

What are bones of norma frontalis

A 
Frontal bone
Maxilla (2) 
Nasal bones (2)
Zygomatic bones (2)
Mandible
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6
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles

A

Digastric (anterior and posterior belly)
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Stylohyoid

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7
Q

What is the function of suprahyoid muscles

A

Elevate the hyoid or depress mandible

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8
Q

What are the infra hyoid muscles

A

Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternohyoid

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9
Q

What are the functions of infrahyoid muscles

A

Depress hyoid bone

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10
Q

Where does the sternocleidomastoid insert and originate

A

Arises from clavicle and inserts at mastoid process

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11
Q

What is the function of the sternocleidomastoid

A

When one muscle acts, head is tipped towards shoulder on same side or rotated towards opposite side
When they act together it flexes the neck

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12
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression

A 
Frontalis
Orbicularis oris
Procerus
Orbicularis oculi 
Levator labii superiorus
Depressor labii inferiorus 
Levator anguli oris
Depressor anguli oris
Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor
Risorius 
Levator labii superiorus alqeque nasi
Platysma
Buccinator
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13
Q

What is the function of the buccinator

A

Maintains bolus between teeth
Involved in sucking and expelling air forcibly e.g instruments
Attaches to pterygomandibular raphe
Upper fibres from maxilla come from vestibule of the mouth
Fibres from mandible come from oblique line

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14
Q

What is the origin of the masseter

A

zygomatic arch

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15
Q

Where is the insertion of the masseter

A

lateral surface of the ramus/angle of the mandible

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16
Q

What is the function of the masseter

A

Elevates the mandible (when two contract together) but can also help in protraction

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17
Q

What is the masseter innervated by

A

masseteric nerve of the mandibular nerve

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18
Q

Where does the temporalis originate

A

from temporal fossa

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19
Q

Where does the temporalis isnert

A

onto coronoid process

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20
Q

What is the action of temporalis

A

If two temporalis contract together you will get elevation (v powerful) but the posterior fibres can contract independently and help with retraction
Supplied by the deep temporal nerves

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21
Q

What is the insertion and origin of the inferior head of the lateral pterygoid

A

Origin - lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
Insertion - pterygoid fovea on mandibular condyle

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22
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the superior head of the lateral pterygoid

A

Origin - infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid in the roof of the fossa
Insertion - capsule of articular disc of the TMJ

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23
Q

What is the action of the lateral pterygoid

A

Can position disc in closing (superior)

Protrudes and depresses mandible and causes lateral movement (inferior)

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24
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the superficial head of the medial pterygoid

A

Origin - maxillary tuberosity and pyramidal process of palatine bone
Insertion - angle of mandible on medial aspect

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25
What is the origin and insertion of the deep head of the medial pterygoid
Origin - medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate | Insertion - angle of mandible on medial aspect
26
What is the action of the medial pterygoid
If two medial pterygoids contract together, they elevate/protract the mandible If they work alternately, it will pull mandible to opposite side
27
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
transverse longitudinal vertical
28
What is the function of the transverse muscles of the tongue
rolling
29
What is the function of the longitudinal muscles of the tongue
shorten
30
What is the function of vertical muscles of the tongue
flatten tongue
31
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
genioglossus styloglossus hyoglossus palatoglossus
32
Where does the parotid gland sit
Between ramus of mandible and mastoid process | surrounded by tight fascia
33
Where is the parotid gland duct
crosses the masseter muscle and pierces the buccinator opening opposite to second upper molar tooth
34
What type of secretion does the parotid release
Serous secretion
35
What type of secretion does the submandibular gland give
mixed
36
Where does the superficial part of submandibular gland sit
submandibular fossa
37
Where does the deep part of the Sm gland sit
Wrapped around free edge of mylohyoid
38
Where does the submandibular gland come from
Duct comes from deep part Duct opens next to the frenulum of the tongue aka sublingual papilla Lingual nerve at risk fo damage if there is surgery to this gland
39
What type of secretion comes from the sublingual gland
mucous
40
Where is the sublingual gland
In floor of the mouth Produces the sublingual fold Doesnt have a single duct, has many small ducts
41
What nerve supplies the sublingual and submandibular gland
Chorda tympani (via lingual nerve)
42
What nervous system makes the glands secrete
Parasympathetic
43
What are the 12 cranial nerves
``` olfactory optic oculomotor trochlear trigeminal abducens facial vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal vagus accessory hypoglossal ```
44
What does the trigeminal nerve provide that is relevant to dentistry
Muscles of mastication Teeth General sensation of anterior ⅔ of tongue (via lingual nerve)
45
What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal
opthalmic maxillary mandibular
46
What is the branches of the maxillary branch of CN 5
``` Infraorbital Greater palatine Lesser palatine Anterior superior alveolar nerve Middle superior alveolar nerve Posterior superior alveolar nerve ```
47
What is the branches off of mandibular branch of CN V
main trunk anterior division posterior division
48
What nerve comes off the main trunk
Nerve to medial pterygoid
49
What nerve comes off the anterior division
Nerve to masseter Deep temporal nerve Nerve to lateral pterygoid
50
What nerves come off the posterior division
lingual inferior alveolar auriculotemporal
51
What are the divisions of the inferior alveolar nerve
Nerve to mylohyoid (supplies digastric too) Metal nerve Incisive nerve
52
What does the faical nerve provide relative to dentistry
Muscles of facial expression | Taste to anterior ⅔ of tongue via chorda tympani
53
What are the 5 branches of facial nerve
``` Temporal branches Zygomatic branches Buccal branches (supplies buccinator) Marginal mandibular branch Cervical branch ```
54
What does the glossopharyngeal provide relative to dentistry
Taste and general sensation to posterior 1/3 of the tongue
55
What does hypoglossal nerve provide relative to dentistry
Supplies motor function of the tongue
56
Where does the carotid split into 2
Split at the level of C4 (thyroid cartilage)
57
Where does the external carotid end
ends within parotid gland by dividing into superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery
58
Where does the external carotid end
ends within parotid gland by dividing into superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery
59
What are the 4 sinuses
frontal maxillary ethmoidal sphenoidal
60
What are the 3 types of extracerebral haemorrhage
extra dural sub dural sub arachnoid
61
What is an extra dural haemorrhage
Caused by middle meningeal artery Could be ruptured by fracture at pterion Blood gathers between dura and bone and clot forms and enlarges Patient will deteriorate over hours as clot enlarges
62
What is a sub dural haemorrhage
``` Cerebral veins On a hit, veins may pull away from dura, tearing it, and blood builds up between the aracnoid and the dura mater Blood oozes out slowly Happens over days/weeks Conscious levels deteriorates over weeks ```
63
What is a sub arachnoid haemorrhage
Cerebral arteries Caused by aneurysm - bursts and gives out blood giving su arachnoid haemorrhage Results in sudden loss of consciousness and severe headache Blood stained CSF is seen
64
An internal capsular stroke will result in paralysis of what muscles
Muscles that can be spared in an internal capsule stroke Oculomotor (extraocular muscles) Trochlear (superior oblique) Trigeminal (MoM) Facial (but only fibres supplying uppermost parts of face, hence forehead is spared) Glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory all come from nucleus ambiguous and so their muscles are spared Hence only muscles paralysed in a stroke are the tongue (motor function due to hypoglossal) and the lower part of the face (muscles of facial expression only)
65
What is the mental foramen
nerve and blood vessels emerge from bone
66
What attaches to the oblique line
buccinator attaches to mandible here. Important dentures don’t sit here
67
What attaches to digastric fossa
attachment of the anterior belly of digastric
68
What attaches to mylohyoid line
medial of mandible, mylohyoid muscle attaches. Denture shouldnt sit here
69
What sits in submandibular fossa
submandibular saliva gland sits (below mylohyoid line)
70
What sits in the sub lingual fossa
sublingual saliva gland sits near here
71
What attaches to the mental spine/genial tubercle
4 of them, geniohyoid attaches here (below) and genioglossus attaches here (above)
72
What lies in the mylohyoid groove
mylohyoid nerve lies in this groove
73
What attaches to the coronoid process
temporalis attaches here
74
What attaches to pteryfoid fovea
little depression in head/neck of mandible that allows for insertion of inferior belly of lateral pterygoid
75
What are features seen on fetal skull
4 fontanelles angle more obtuse in fetal skull tympanic ring, not tympanic plate
76
What are the 4 fontanelles of the skull
anterior posterior sphenoidal mastoid
77
When does the sphenoidal fontanelle close
at around 6 months post partum
78
When does the posterior fontanelle close
1-3 months
79
When does the anterior fontanelle close
2 years PP
80
When does the mastoid fontanelle close
6-18 months PP
81
What does the 1st pharyngeal arch turn into
``` trigeminal nerve muscles of mastication malleus incus meckels cartilage ```
82
What does the 2nd pharyngeal arch give
facial nerve muscles of facial expression hyoid
83
What does the third pharyngeal arch give
glossopharyngeal nerve stylopharyngeus common carotid
84
What do teh 4th and 6th pharyngeal arches give
vagus nerve muscles of pharynx and larynx aortic arch laryngeal cartilages
85
What are the 5 prominences
``` frontonasal medial nasal lateral nasal maxillary prominence mandibular prominence ```
86
What is the adult feature for frontonasal prominence
forehead | bridge of nose
87
What is the adult feature of the medial nasal prominence
alae of nose
88
What is the adult feature of the maxillary prominence
cheeks | lateral upper lip
89
What is the adult facial feature of the lower lip and jaw
90
When does the palate develop
6-10 weeks in utero
91
How does the palate form
medial nasal processes form intermaxillary process give rise to philtrum of lip and primary palate maxillary prominence gives rise to lateral palatal shelves (secondary palate)

BDS3 OSCE (65 decks)

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