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BDS3 OSCE > Anaemia > Flashcards

Anaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What is anaemia

A

Deficiency of haemoglobin in the blood

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2
Q

What are the 3 general causes of anaemia

A

reduced production
increased losses
increased demand

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3
Q

Why may there be reduced production

A

Bone marrow failure (reduced RBCs)

Normal production of RBC but reduced production of haemoglobin

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4
Q

What are causes of reduced haemoglobin production

A

deficiency states
abnormal global chains
chronic inflammatory conditions

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5
Q

What are the conditions that are caused by abnormal globin chains

A

thalassaemia

sickle cell

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6
Q

What are causes of an increased loss of blood

A

GI conditions

abnormal RBC resulting in RBC having a reduced life span

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7
Q

What are causes of increased demand

A

pregnancy as blood volume expanded

malignant disease as new tissue demands oxygen

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8
Q

What are the haematinics

A

iron
B12
folic acid

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9
Q

What are oral symptoms of iron deficiency

A

mouth ulcers, smooth tongue & angular cheilitis

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10
Q

What is an oral symptom of B12 deficiency

A

Deficiency symptoms include beefy tongue

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11
Q

What are symptoms of anaemia

A

Tired, weak
Dizzy
Shortness of breath
Palpitations

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12
Q

What investigations should be done for anaemia

A

full blood count
faecal occult blood test
endoscopy/colonoscopy
renal function test

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13
Q

What parts of the FBC are useful for anaemia diagnosis

A

haemoglobin level
mean cell volume
haematocrit

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14
Q

What cause does a below normal MCV (aka microcytic) point to

A

iron deficiency or thalassaemia

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15
Q

What cause does a above normal MCV point to?

A

B12 folate/deficiency or retics which is an almost mature red blood cell that is released early into circulation to replace losses

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16
Q

What cause does a normal MCV point to

A

bleed, renal problem or chronic disease

17
Q

What does the haematocrit tell us

A

how much of the blood consists of RBC

18
Q

What is the FOB for

A

testing for blood in faeces to detect chronic blood loss

19
Q

What is the endoscopy/colonscopy for

A

Looking for signs of bleeding in GI tract

20
Q

What is the renal function test for

A

Looking for chronic kidney disease as this is a cause of anaemia (caused by reduction in production of erythropoietin which is essential for RBC production)

21
Q

What is the treatment for anaemia

A

Replace haematinics
Blood transfusion if production failure
Erythropoietin in renal cause

22
Q

What is the dental relevance of anaemia

A

GA - dont do GA on px with anaemia unless emergency (risk of hypoxia)
All those from black ethnic background require sickle cell test before GA

BDS3 OSCE (65 decks)

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