Anatomy Flashcards
Tendon
Attaches muscles to bone
Ligament
Attaches a bone to another bone
Fascia
Continuous sheet of fibrous membrane located beneath the skin and around muscles and organs
Bursa
Small fluid filled sack that reduces friction between two structures
Primarily situated around joints, they cushion skin, tendons, ligaments, muscles or organs from hard surfaces of bones.
Joint
Movement of the body occurs at the joints, where bones articulate or connect
Where bone meets bone, various types to provide movement (ball and socket, hinge, saddle etc) contain synovial fluid to lubricate joints, motion = lotion of joints
Costal facets
Articulate to form synovial joints
Nerves
Nerves exit the spine between each stacked vertebrae and travel to a specific location
Nerves of neck travel down the arm
Nerves of the thoracic spine travel around the ribcage
Nerves of the low back travel down the legs
Sciatic nerve - largest nerve made from roots of L4-S3 (lumbar and sacral) and innervates all muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh
It then has 2 terminal branches, the tibial and common fibular (peroneal) nerves to innervate all muscles below the knee
Muscle tissues -
3 types
Skeletal - we are concerned with this type in Pilates / muscles that move bones
Cardiac
Smooth
Muscle fiber types
Type I - slow twitch fibers - In Pilates, we are accessing muscles that are largely ingrained and more difficult to control - the slow twitch fibers, Stabilizer muscles, abundant supply of blood, ie many mitochondria (long distance runners, swimmers, cyclists)
Type II - fast twitch/global - mover muscles, fast tempo, high resistance, ideal for short bursts of power (sprinting and lower lifting)
Type IIB - fast-glycolytic - fast and great intensity of contraction - white muscle less dense in mitochondria (small animals like rodents this is the major fast muscle type)
