All of the Vertebral Column Flashcards
What are all of the parts of a typical Vertebra in the Spine?
All the main parts of the Vertebra in the spine include:
Spinous process, Transverse Process, Vertebral Arch, A body and Facet of the head of a rib and one for the inferior articular process.
As well as a Foramen in the centre of the bone to allow for the pass of a spinal cord.
There is also a Intervertebral Foramen allowing for the Spinal nerves to pass into other parts of the body.
What are the Four Slight bends in the Spine called?
They are called Normal Curves and include:
2 Convex curves of the Cervical and lumbar
2 Concave curves of the Thoracic and Sacrum/Cox
What do the Normal curves of the spine do?
They help reduce pressure on the intervertebral disc when doing activity and help protect from fracture.
What are Intervertebral Disc made of?
Each Disc has an outer ring of Fibrocartilage called Annulus Fibrosus.
An inner soft, pulpy, highly elastic substance called Nucleus Pulposus.
The Superior and Inferior parts of the Disc have a Thin layer of Hyaline Cartilage making the joint stronger, permits dynamic movements and allows for the disc to flatten and spread.
What does it mean for the Intervertebral Disc to be Avascular?
This means that the Annulus Fibrosus and Nucleus Pulposus relies on Blood vesicles of the vertebra to bring O2 and nutrients and remove waste.
Certain stretching in things like Yoga can decompress the Joints and allow for better Vasculature of the Disc. overall leading to faster healing and feeling better.
What are the details of Cervical Vertebra?
The Cervical vertebra include C1-C7
C1-C2 are Specialized Vertebra called Atlas and Axis And they help articulate the spine with the Skull and provide better movements of the skull.
C3-C6 are typical vertebra
C7 is called the Vertebra Prominens. It is somewhat different because it has something called a Nonbifib Spinous process instead of a Bifib Spinous process.
What are the Surface markings of C1-C2?
The C1/ Atlas has a larger Vertebral foramen to allow for the Dens of the Axis to pass through and no Vertebral body but has a Superior Facet of the Lateral masses that articulate with the Occipital Joints of the Occipital bone of the Head.
C2/ Axis Has a Vertebral body called the Dens/ Odontoid Process that superiorly projects through the Anterior portion of the Atlas Vertebral Foramen.
The articulations formed between the anterior arch of the atlas and of the dens and between their Facets is called the Atlanto-Axial Joint.
What are the surface markings of the Thoracic Vertebra?
T1-T10 have their Spinous process are latterly flattend and directed inferiorly and T11-12 are shorter, broader and directed posteriorly.
T11-12 transvers process have Costal Facets that articulate with the tubercles of the ribs.
What Vertebra have the demifacets that articulate with the heads of ribs?
T2-T8 have superior and inferior demifacets.
Ribs 2-9 articulate with two ribs.
T1 has a Superior facet and an inferior demifacet for the second rib.
What Vertebra have facets on the Vertebral transverse process?
T11-T12.
When do Facets form?
A facet in the vertebra is formed when the head of a rib articulates with one of the vertebral bodies.
When do Facets form?
A facet in the vertebra is formed when the head of a rib articulates with one of the vertebral bodies.
What are the surface markings of the Lumbar vertebra?
L1-5 are the strongest of the unfused bones in the vertebral column.
Are well adapted for the attachments of the back muscles.
The spinous process protrude posteriorly and are short and thick.
What are the surface markings of the Sacrum?
On the anterior side of the Sacrum there are 4 Transverse lines that mark the joining of the sacral vertebral bodies.
At the ends of these lines are 4 pairs of arterial Sacral foramina.
The superior lateral portion of the Sacrum contains the Sacral ala.
In the middle of the posterior side of the sacrum is the Median Sacral crest.
The Sacral canal is a continuation of the vertebral canal.
