A&P 1.20

Question 1

External obliques

A, I, O

Answer 1

A: unilateral: lateral flex vertebral column to the same side; rotate vertebral column to the opposite side
Bilaterally: flex the vertebral column

I: anterior part of the iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba, inguinal ligament

O: external surfaces of 5th to 12th ribs

Named for location: external and direction of fibers: oblique

Question 2

Inguinal ligament

Answer 2

Goes from ASIS to the pubis

Question 3

Linea alba

Answer 3

From xipoid process to the pubic symphysis and crest

Question 4

Fibrous network description

Answer 4

Continuous, three dimensional interpenetrating web

From dermis through superficial and deep fascia to the various mysiums and from those through tendons to periosteum, ligaments, bone and joint capsules

Question 5

Membranes

Defined

Answer 5

Thin sheets that cover or line parts of the body

Question 6

Two types of membranes

Answer 6

Epithelial

Connective

Question 7

Epithelial membranes

3

Answer 7

Cutaneous membranes
Mucous membranes
Serous membranes

Question 8

Epithelial membranes

Defined

Answer 8

Avascular layer of epithelium and a basement membrane of fibrous connective tissue

Question 9

Cutaneous membrane

Answer 9

Skin

Covers the surface of the body
Specialized membrane that covers our entire body

Question 10

Mucous membrane

Answer 10

Lines cavities that open to the external surface of the body

GI, respiratory, reproductive tracts

Question 11

Serous membranes

Answer 11

Lines closed cavities within the ventral body cavity and line the organs within those cavities

Question 12

Connective tissue membranes

Answer 12

Synovial

Meninges

Question 13

Connective tissue membranes

2

Answer 13

No epithelial tissue; just connective tissue

Synovial
Meninges

Question 14

Synovial membranes

Described

Answer 14

A layer of areolar connective tissue only, no epithelial layer
There are specialized cells within the areolar tissue in synovial membranes

contains no epithelium

Question 15

Meninges

Define

Answer 15

Specific to nervous system

Are the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

Question 16

Serous membranes

2 layers

Answer 16

Parietal layer

Visceral layer

Space

Question 17

Parietal layer

Answer 17

Outer layer that lines the “wall” of the cavity

Question 18

Visceral layer

Answer 18

Inner layer that surrounds the “organs”

Question 19

Space

Answer 19

Small potential space filled with serous fluid

Allows the organs to glide easily against each other and the walls of their cavity

Question 20

3 serous membranes

Answer 20

Pericardium
Pleura
Peritoneum

Question 21

Pericardium

Answer 21

Lines and surrounds the heart (pericardial cavities)

Question 22

Pleura

Answer 22

Lines and surrounds the lungs

Question 23

Peritoneum

Answer 23

Lines the abdominopelvic cavity and its organs

Question 24

Folds of the peritoneum

Answer 24

Folds that hold organs in place within the abdominopelvic cavity

Includes:
Falciform ligament
Mesentery

Question 25

Falciform ligament

Answer 25

Holds the liver in place

Hangs liver from diaphragm

Question 26

Mesentery

Answer 26

Middle

Attaches the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 27

Spinal curves

Answer 27

Primary and secondary

total of 4 curves

Question 28

Primary curves

Answer 28

Posteriorly convex
Anteriorly concave

Thoracic and sacral

Present at birth as a single curve from head to sacrum

Fetal position curve

Question 29

Secondary curves

Answer 29

Posteriorly concave
Anterior convex

Cervical and lumbar

Cervical: results from infants attempts to hold head upright
Lumbar: results from balancing efforts to walk

Question 30

Pathologies of the spine

Abnormal spinal curves

3 types

Answer 30

Lordosis - secondary curves
Kyphosis - primary curves
Scoliosis

Question 31

Lordosis

Answer 31

Swayback

Exaggerated lumbar curve

Question 32

Kyphosis

Answer 32

Hunchback or dowagers hump

Exaggerated thoracic curve

Question 33

Scoliosis

Answer 33

Abnormal lateral curve

Question 34

Abnormal curves

Answer 34

The abnormal curves can be

Congenital
Idiopathic

Or related to:
Incorrect posture
Trauma
Disease

Question 35

all three curves can effect

Answer 35

Breathing, posture, other vital functions

Question 36

Treatment

Answer 36

Degree of curvature determines course of treatment

Question 37

Treatment

massage

Answer 37

Postural bodywork can be very effective treatment

Such as structural integration

Question 38

Connective membrane

Meninges

Answer 38

Fibrous connective tissue covering our brain and spinal cord

Question 39

Meninges

3 layers

Answer 39

Pia mater
Arachnoid membrane
Dura mater

Question 40

Pia mater

Answer 40

Deepest layer that adheres to the brain and spinal cord

Delicate mother

Question 41

Arachnoid membrane

Answer 41

Intermediate layer

“Spider-like”

Question 42

Dura mater

Answer 42

Superficial layer

Made of strong white fibrous tissue that adheres to the periosteum of surrounding bone

“Tough mother”

Question 43

Meningeal folds

Answer 43

Separate the cranial vault into regions that separate portions of the brain

Question 44

Cerebrum

Answer 44

Portion of the brain that sits on top

Conscious perception and thought
Voluntary movement

Split into 2 hemispheres

Question 45

Cerebellum

Answer 45

In the back on the bottom

Large portion of the brain at the back of the skull

Motor activity is fine tuned

2 hemispheres

Question 46

Separations

Answer 46

Both the cerebrum and cerebellum have left and right hemispheres

Question 47

Meningeal folds

3

Answer 47

Flax cerebri
Flax cerebelli
Tentorium cerebelli

Question 48

Flax cerebri

Answer 48

separates the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres

Question 49

Flax cerebelli

Answer 49

seperates the cerebellum into right and left cerebellar hemispheres

Question 50

Tentorium cerebelli

Answer 50

Separates cerebrum and cerebellum