A&P 1.04 Flashcards
Vastus medialis
A,O,I
A - extend the knee (tibiofemoral joint)
O - medial lip of the linea aspera
I - tibial tuberosity via the patella ligament
Vasti
Huge
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus lateralis
A, O, I
A - extend the knee (tibiofemoral joint)
O - lateral lip of the linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity and greater trochanter
I - tibial tuberosity (via the patella and patellar ligament)
Vastus intermedius
A, O, I
A - extend the knee
O- anterior and lateral shaft of the femur
I - tibial tuberosity ( via the patella and patellar ligament)
Linea aspera
Roughened ridge on posterior of femur
Bones to know
Illium, ischium, pubis, femur, tibia,
Structures to know
Pelvis
Femur
Lower leg
Structures to know
Pelvis
Illiac crest,
ASIS,
AIIS
Acetabulum
Structures to know
Femur
Head Shaft condyles Linea aspera Gluteal tuberosity Trochanter
Structures to know
Lower leg
Tibial tuberosity
Malleolus
Muscles can act on what joints?
Only joints they cross over
Homeostasis
Homeo - same
Stasis - standing still
Homeostasis defined
The condition of equilibrium, or balance in the body’s internal and external environment, which remains relatively constant.
Maintained within the body by using a feedback mechanism.
Body’s internal environment
We are a bag of fluid
Important aspect of homeostasis is by regulating it’s body fluid: volume and composition
Feedback mechanism
Negative and positive
Actions/ mechanism that keep us in balance
Triggered by a stimulus or change in our environment
Receptors detect change
Body reacts
+ (positive) = increase
- (negative) = decrease
Positive Feedback mechanisms
Stimulators
Feedback increases the stimulus until something stops the process
Example: Giving birth
Negative feedback mechanisms
Primary feedback mechanism
Inhibitory
Feedback triggers mechanism to stop stimulus (in the opposite direction)
Example: Change in temperature or blood pressure
Homeostasis regulates
How much fluid there is
Where the fluids needs to be
And what’s in it
Urinary system
Structures
Anatomy structure : kidney
Accessory structures:
ureters,
urinary bladder &
urethra
Urinary system
Functions
Produces, stores and eliminates waste
Regulates volume and chemical composition of the blood
Helps maintain the acid-base balance (ph) of blood fluids
Maintains mineral balance
Helps regulate production of RBC’s (red blood cells)
Respiratory system
Upper & lower
Respiratory system
Upper
Nose
Pharynx (throat)
Nasopharynk
Oropharynk
Laryngopharynk
Larynx (voice box)Respiratory system
Lower structures
Trachea (windpipe)
Bronchial tubes
Lungs
Respiratory system functions
Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood
Transfers carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air
Helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids
Produces sound: air flowing through larynx creates sound
Identify and distinguish pectoral girdle and upper extremity
Scapula: shoulder blade Clavicle: collar bone Humerus: arm bone Radius: forearm (lat) Ulna: forearm ( med) Carpals: wrist Metacarpals: hand Phalanges: fingers digit
Bony attachments
Musculoskeletal anatomy
Glenoid cavity Supraglenoid tubercle Infraglenoid tubercle Coracoid process Ulnar tuberosity Radial tuberosity
Glenoid cavity
shallow depression that accepts the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral joint
Supraglenoid tubercle
Superior to the glenoid cavity on the scapula
Infraglenoid tubercle
located at the most superior aspect of the lateral border of the scapula
Coracoid process
at the lateral end of the superior border of the scapula is a projection on the anterior surface to which tendons of muscles attach
Ulnar tuberosity
Proximal end of the ulna
Radial tuberosity
Proximal end of the radius
Directional terms
Pelvic girdle and upper extremity
Internal (medial) rotation External(lateral) rotation Supination/ supine Pronation/prone Ventral Dorsal
Review: flexion and extension in sagittal plane
Internal (medial) rotation
Long bones rotate toward the midline
External (lateral) rotation
Rotation of the long bones away from the midline
Primarily arms and hips
Supination
In hand or foot
Holding a bowl of soup; radius and ulna are parallel
Pronation
In hand or foot
Prone to spill; radius crosses over ulna
Ventral
Front
Dorsal
Back
Body fluids
List
Intercellular fluid Extracellular fluid Interstitial fluid Blood plasma Lymph Cerebrospinal fluid Synovial fluid
Intracellular fluid
Cytosol
Cytoplasm
Fluid inside the cell
Extracellular fluids (ECF)
5
Fluid outside the cells
Interstitial fluid Blood plasma Lymph Cerebrospinal fluids Synovial fluid
Interstitial fluid
Fills spaces between the cells of tissue
Blood plasma
ECF in the blood vessels
Lymph
ECF in the lymphatic vessels
Cerebrospinal fluids (CSF)
ECF found in and around the brain and spinal cord
Synovial fluids
ECF found in the synovial joints
