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Anatomy & Physiology I > A&P 1.04 > Flashcards

A&P 1.04 Flashcards

0
Q

Vastus medialis

A,O,I

A

A - extend the knee (tibiofemoral joint)
O - medial lip of the linea aspera
I - tibial tuberosity via the patella ligament

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1
Q

Vasti

A

Huge

Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

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2
Q

Vastus lateralis

A, O, I

A

A - extend the knee (tibiofemoral joint)
O - lateral lip of the linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity and greater trochanter
I - tibial tuberosity (via the patella and patellar ligament)

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3
Q

Vastus intermedius

A, O, I

A

A - extend the knee
O- anterior and lateral shaft of the femur
I - tibial tuberosity ( via the patella and patellar ligament)

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4
Q

Linea aspera

A

Roughened ridge on posterior of femur

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5
Q

Bones to know

A

Illium, ischium, pubis, femur, tibia,

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6
Q

Structures to know

A

Pelvis
Femur
Lower leg

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7
Q

Structures to know

Pelvis

A

Illiac crest,
ASIS,
AIIS
Acetabulum

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8
Q

Structures to know

Femur

A 
Head
Shaft condyles
Linea aspera
Gluteal tuberosity
Trochanter
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9
Q

Structures to know

Lower leg

A

Tibial tuberosity

Malleolus

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10
Q

Muscles can act on what joints?

A

Only joints they cross over

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11
Q

Homeostasis

A

Homeo - same

Stasis - standing still

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12
Q

Homeostasis defined

A

The condition of equilibrium, or balance in the body’s internal and external environment, which remains relatively constant.

Maintained within the body by using a feedback mechanism.

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13
Q

Body’s internal environment

A

We are a bag of fluid

Important aspect of homeostasis is by regulating it’s body fluid: volume and composition

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14
Q

Feedback mechanism

A

Negative and positive
Actions/ mechanism that keep us in balance
Triggered by a stimulus or change in our environment
Receptors detect change
Body reacts

+ (positive) = increase
- (negative) = decrease

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15
Q

Positive Feedback mechanisms

A

Stimulators
Feedback increases the stimulus until something stops the process

Example: Giving birth

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16
Q

Negative feedback mechanisms

A

Primary feedback mechanism
Inhibitory
Feedback triggers mechanism to stop stimulus (in the opposite direction)
Example: Change in temperature or blood pressure

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17
Q

Homeostasis regulates

A

How much fluid there is
Where the fluids needs to be
And what’s in it

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18
Q

Urinary system

Structures

A

Anatomy structure : kidney

Accessory structures:
ureters,
urinary bladder &
urethra

19
Q

Urinary system

Functions

A

Produces, stores and eliminates waste
Regulates volume and chemical composition of the blood
Helps maintain the acid-base balance (ph) of blood fluids
Maintains mineral balance
Helps regulate production of RBC’s (red blood cells)

20
Q

Respiratory system

A

Upper & lower

21
Q

Respiratory system

Upper

A 
Nose
Pharynx (throat)
     Nasopharynk
     Oropharynk
     Laryngopharynk
Larynx (voice box)
22
Q

Respiratory system

Lower structures

A

Trachea (windpipe)
Bronchial tubes
Lungs

23
Q

Respiratory system functions

A

Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood
Transfers carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air
Helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids
Produces sound: air flowing through larynx creates sound

24
Q

Identify and distinguish pectoral girdle and upper extremity

A 
Scapula: shoulder blade
Clavicle: collar bone
Humerus: arm bone
Radius: forearm (lat)
Ulna: forearm ( med)
Carpals: wrist
Metacarpals: hand
Phalanges: fingers digit
25
Q

Bony attachments

Musculoskeletal anatomy

A 
Glenoid cavity
Supraglenoid tubercle
Infraglenoid tubercle
Coracoid process
Ulnar tuberosity
Radial tuberosity
26
Q

Glenoid cavity

A

shallow depression that accepts the head of the humerus to form the glenohumeral joint

27
Q

Supraglenoid tubercle

A

Superior to the glenoid cavity on the scapula

28
Q

Infraglenoid tubercle

A

located at the most superior aspect of the lateral border of the scapula

29
Q

Coracoid process

A

at the lateral end of the superior border of the scapula is a projection on the anterior surface to which tendons of muscles attach

30
Q

Ulnar tuberosity

A

Proximal end of the ulna

31
Q

Radial tuberosity

A

Proximal end of the radius

32
Q

Directional terms

Pelvic girdle and upper extremity

A 
Internal (medial) rotation
External(lateral) rotation
Supination/ supine
Pronation/prone
Ventral
Dorsal

Review: flexion and extension in sagittal plane

33
Q

Internal (medial) rotation

A

Long bones rotate toward the midline

34
Q

External (lateral) rotation

A

Rotation of the long bones away from the midline

Primarily arms and hips

35
Q

Supination

In hand or foot

A

Holding a bowl of soup; radius and ulna are parallel

36
Q

Pronation

In hand or foot

A

Prone to spill; radius crosses over ulna

37
Q

Ventral

A

Front

38
Q

Dorsal

A

Back

39
Q

Body fluids

List

A 
Intercellular fluid
Extracellular fluid
Interstitial fluid
Blood plasma
Lymph
Cerebrospinal fluid
Synovial fluid
40
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

Cytosol
Cytoplasm

Fluid inside the cell

41
Q

Extracellular fluids (ECF)

5

A

Fluid outside the cells

Interstitial fluid
Blood plasma
Lymph
Cerebrospinal fluids
Synovial fluid
42
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

Fills spaces between the cells of tissue

43
Q

Blood plasma

A

ECF in the blood vessels

44
Q

Lymph

A

ECF in the lymphatic vessels

45
Q

Cerebrospinal fluids (CSF)

A

ECF found in and around the brain and spinal cord

46
Q

Synovial fluids

A

ECF found in the synovial joints

Anatomy & Physiology I (22 decks)

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