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Anatomy & Physiology I > A&P 1.11 > Flashcards

A&P 1.11 Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteus medius

A

A-abduction of the femur at hip, medial rotation of the femur

I - greater trochanter

O - Posterior ilium between superior/posterior and middle/anterior gluteal lines

Named for size

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2
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

A - abduction of femur at the hip, medial rotation of femur

I - greater trochanter

O - gluteal surface between anterior/middle and inferior gluteal lines

Named for size

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3
Q

Connective tissue

Types & ground substance

A

Few cells, abundant extracellular matrix

Fibrous - gel-like ground substance

Skeletal- hard ground substance- chondroitin sulfate (often used as a supplement)

Fluid - blood plasma ground surface

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4
Q

Muscle

Types

A

Skeletal - attaches to bone (striated and voluntary)

Cardiac - heart (striated and involuntary)

Smooth - visceral, organ walls and blood vessels (non-striated and involuntary)

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5
Q

Epithelial

Review

A

Many cells, little extracellular matrix
Covers and lines ducts

Membranous - covers and lines

Glandular - produce fluids

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6
Q

Nervous

Review

A

Neurons - electrically excitable, can create an action potential
Neuroglia - support cells

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7
Q

Tissue types from superficial to deep

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve

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8
Q

Muscle name

Examples

A

See slide

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9
Q

Skeletal muscle

Anatomy

A 
Individual 
Voluntary
Each muscle is it's own organ
Attaches to bone
Composed of muscle tissue: muscle cells or fibers
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10
Q

fasicles

A

groups of skeletal muscle fibers

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11
Q

Muscles named for fiber direction and arrangement

6 types

A

Parallel - rectus abdominus
Convergent - (triangular) gluteus muscles
Pennate ( uni, bi, multi) feathered (tendonous attachment)
Fusiform - quadriceps
Spiral - pectoralis major (twisting fibers)
Circular - around eye or mouth ( vagina/anus)

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12
Q

Parallel

A

Fascicles run parallel to each other
Both ends have tendons

Example: sartorius

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13
Q

Convergent or trianglar

A

Fascicles converge together

Example: pectoral is major and gluteus muscles

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14
Q

Pennate

A

Short fascicles in relation to muscle length
Tendons run almost the entire length of muscle
Feathered
Tendonous attachment
example: rectus femoris

Example: rectus femoris

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15
Q

Fusiform

A

Fascicles run parallel
Belly is larger than ends

Examples: biceps brachii

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16
Q

Spiral

A

Fascicles twist or spiral between attachments

Example: lattissimus dorsi

17
Q

Circular

A

Fascicles form a concentric circle
Forms sphincters that close orifices

Example: orbicularis

18
Q

Fascia

Types

A

Superficial

Deep

19
Q

Superficial fascia

contains

functions

A

Also called Subcutaneous or hypodermus

Contains nerve, blood vessels, lymph vessels

Made of areolar “packing material” and adipose tissue

Function: insulate, store fat, protect from physical trauma

20
Q

Deep fascia

contains

functions

A

Below subcutaneous, surrounds muscle, bone and organism
Contains nerve, blood vessels, lymph vessels

Function: allows free movement in muscle and organs, gives support and stability in location

21
Q

Functions of muscle tissue

A

Movement- body as a whole regulate organ volume, moves substance within the body

Heat production- byproduct of contraction

Posture - stabilize with partial contraction

22
Q

Properties of muscle tissue

A

Electrically excitable
Contractility
Extensibility

23
Q

Properties of muscle tissue

Electrically excitable

A
  • responds to nerve signal
24
Q

Properties of muscle tissue

Contractility

A
  • ability to get small (when in action or working it can only tighten/shorten)
25
Q

Properties of muscle tissue

Extensibility

A
  • ability to stretch without damaging tissue (requires conscious action to forcibly stretch) due to elasticity it returns to resting state
26
Q

Layers of muscles

A

Muscle or individual organ made up of

Fascicles or bunches of muscle

Fibers or muscle cells

27
Q

Coverings of muscles

A

Dense irregular: connective tissue that covers or wraps muscles and their tissue

28
Q

Connective tissue covering of skeletal tissue

A

Deep fascia

“Shrink wrap” of dense irregular CT enclosing or covering muscle or parts

29
Q

Three layers of fascia

A

epimysium -
Perimysium -
Endomysium -

muscle fiber + muscle cell
All three are continuous fibrous structures that attach muscles to bone called tendons

30
Q

epimysium

A

covering around entire muscle

31
Q

perimysium

A

tough CT envelopes muscle fibers called fasicles (groups of skeletal fibers)

32
Q

endomysium

A

delicate CT membrane covering around individual highly specialized skeletal muscle fibers.

33
Q

Tendon

Defined

A

A strong tough cord that continues on either end of a muscle which is formed from the continuation of the fascia surrounding the muscle that connects with the bone and becomes the fascia surrounding bone

34
Q

Aponeurosis

Defined

A

A broad flat sheet of CT (same as tendon- different shape) that usually merges with the fibrous wrappings of another muscle. (Between two muscles that may attach to bone)

35
Q

Nerve and blood supply of muscles

A

Highly vascular and highly innervated

The ability of muscle to contract is directly related to its nerve and blood supply

Anatomy & Physiology I (22 decks)

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