A&P 1.07

Question 1

Trapezius

Middle

Answer 1

O: Nuchal ligament at C6 spinal process (S.P.) C7 - T3

I: acromion process and spine of the scapula

A: retraction of the scapula (adduction)

Question 2

Trapezius

Lower

Answer 2

O: S.P. of T4-T12

I: tubercle of the spine of the scapula

A: depression of the scapula (abduction)/ upward rotation of the scapula

Question 3

Nuchal ligament

Answer 3

Ligament that runs along the spine to C7 or vertebral promance from EOP

Question 4

Spinous process

Answer 4

runs along the entire spine

Question 5

Integumentary system

Structures

Answer 5

Skin

Structures derived from the skin:

• Hair
• Nails
• Sweat & oil glands (exocrine)
• Sensory receptors (neurological)

Question 6

Integumentary system

Functions

Answer 6

• Protects the body
• Helps regulate body temp
• Eliminates some wastes
• Helps produce vitamin D
• Detects sensation: pain, touch, temperature (hot/cold)

Question 7

Reproduction system

Structures

Answer 7

Gonads: testes and ovaries

Associated organs:

Females: uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

Male: epididymis, ductus deferense (vas deferense), penis, prostate

Question 8

Reproductive system

Function

Answer 8

Produces gametes

Release hormones: make hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes

Associated organs: transport and store gametes (sperm & oocytes)

Question 9

Levels of organization

Review

Answer 9

Review from A&P 1.1

Question 10

Tissues

4 types

Answer 10

The body can be divided into 4 tissue types:

Connective
Muscle
Epithelial
Nervous

C.M.E.N

Question 10

Connective tissue

Answer 10

• Specializes to support the body and it’s parts
• Connects and holds parts together
• Transports substances through the body
• Protects it from foreign invaders

Blood is a connective tissue

Question 11

Mature connective tissue

3 types

Answer 11

One of the most widespread tissues in the body

Fibrous CT
Fluid CT
Skeletal CT

• Exists in more varied forms than other tissues
• Found in nearly every organ in the body

Question 12

Fibrous connective tissue

Answer 12

Loose: delicate tissue-paper webs

Dense: tough resilient cords

Question 13

Fibrous connective tissue

Loose or dense

4 examples

Answer 13

• Tendons
• Walls of vessels
• Covering of organs
• Fascia

Question 14

Fluid (liquid) connective tissue

Answer 14

• Blood

- Lymph

Question 15

Skeletal connective tissue

Answer 15

• Bone

- Cartilage

Question 16

Categories of connective tissue determined by

Answer 16

Shape and function

Question 17

Fluid connective tissue

Answer 17

Blood

Lymph

Question 18

Skeletal connective tissue

Answer 18

Bone: rigid and firm

Cartilage: even tougher for wear and tear at joints

Question 19

Muscle tissue

Answer 19

• Produces movement of the body and it’s parts by shortening it’s fibers or cells
• Specialized for contractility

Question 20

Muscle tissue

3 types

Answer 20

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

Question 21

Skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 21

Attaches to bone

Striated and voluntary

Question 22

Smooth muscle tissue

Answer 22

Visceral = organs
Walls of organs or hollow tubes
Nonstriated and involuntary

Question 23

Cardiac muscle

Answer 23

Heart
Heart walls
Striated and involuntary

Question 24

Epithelial tissue

Answer 24

- Covers and protects the body - Lines body cavities - Transport: specializes in moving things into and out of the blood (secretion, excretion & absorption) - Forms many glands Endocrine and exocrine glands are epithelial tissue

Question 25

Classification of epithelial tissue by

Answer 25

Layers | Shape

Question 26

Epithelial tissue classification Shape 3 types

Answer 26

Squamous: flat like a pancake Cuboidal: cube shaped, more cytoplasm Columnar: wider than higher

Question 27

Epithelial tissue classification Layers 2 types

Answer 27

Simple: single layer Stratified: multiple layers

Question 28

Epithelial tissue Main types 2

Answer 28

- Covering/lining or membraneous | - glandular

Question 29

Glandular epithelial tissues

Answer 29

Grouped in solid cords or specialized follicles Form the secretory units of endo and exocrine glands

Question 30

Covering/lining or membranous

Answer 30

- Covers body and some of it's parts - Lines serous cavities - pleural, pericardial, peritoneal - Lines the blood and lymphatic vessels, and the respiratory, digestive and genourinary tracts

Question 31

Membrane Defined & 2 types

Answer 31

Membrane- flat sheets of pliable tissue - Epithelial - Synovial

Question 32

Membrane Epithelial

Answer 32

Epithelial: includes an epithelial layer combined with an underlying layer of connective tissue Examples - mucous membranes, serous membranes and cutaneous membranes or skin

Question 33

Membrane Synovial

Answer 33

Synovial: line the cavities of joints. Composed of areolar C.T., adipose tissue, collagen fibers and no epithelial layer

Question 34

Nervous tissue

Answer 34

- Specializes in communication between different parts of the body - Integration of activities - Generates complex messages for the coordination of body functions Most complex tissue

Question 35

Nervous tissue 2 types

Answer 35

Neurons: the conducting units Neuroglia: support cells