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Anatomy & Physiology I > A&P 1.07 > Flashcards

A&P 1.07 Flashcards

1
Q

Trapezius

Middle

A

O: Nuchal ligament at C6 spinal process (S.P.) C7 - T3

I: acromion process and spine of the scapula

A: retraction of the scapula (adduction)

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2
Q

Trapezius

Lower

A

O: S.P. of T4-T12

I: tubercle of the spine of the scapula

A: depression of the scapula (abduction)/ upward rotation of the scapula

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3
Q

Nuchal ligament

A

Ligament that runs along the spine to C7 or vertebral promance from EOP

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4
Q

Spinous process

A

runs along the entire spine

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5
Q

Integumentary system

Structures

A

Skin

Structures derived from the skin:

  • Hair
  • Nails
  • Sweat & oil glands (exocrine)
  • Sensory receptors (neurological)
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6
Q

Integumentary system

Functions

A
  • Protects the body
  • Helps regulate body temp
  • Eliminates some wastes
  • Helps produce vitamin D
  • Detects sensation: pain, touch, temperature (hot/cold)
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7
Q

Reproduction system

Structures

A

Gonads: testes and ovaries

Associated organs:

Females: uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

Male: epididymis, ductus deferense (vas deferense), penis, prostate

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8
Q

Reproductive system

Function

A

Produces gametes

Release hormones: make hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes

Associated organs: transport and store gametes (sperm & oocytes)

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9
Q

Levels of organization

Review

A

Review from A&P 1.1

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10
Q

Tissues

4 types

A

The body can be divided into 4 tissue types:

Connective
Muscle
Epithelial
Nervous

C.M.E.N

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10
Q

Connective tissue

A
  • Specializes to support the body and it’s parts
  • Connects and holds parts together
  • Transports substances through the body
  • Protects it from foreign invaders

Blood is a connective tissue

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11
Q

Mature connective tissue

3 types

A

One of the most widespread tissues in the body

Fibrous CT
Fluid CT
Skeletal CT

  • Exists in more varied forms than other tissues
  • Found in nearly every organ in the body
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12
Q

Fibrous connective tissue

A

Loose: delicate tissue-paper webs

Dense: tough resilient cords

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13
Q

Fibrous connective tissue

Loose or dense

4 examples

A
  • Tendons
  • Walls of vessels
  • Covering of organs
  • Fascia
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14
Q

Fluid (liquid) connective tissue

A
  • Blood

- Lymph

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15
Q

Skeletal connective tissue

A
  • Bone

- Cartilage

16
Q

Categories of connective tissue determined by

A

Shape and function

17
Q

Fluid connective tissue

A

Blood

Lymph

18
Q

Skeletal connective tissue

A

Bone: rigid and firm

Cartilage: even tougher for wear and tear at joints

19
Q

Muscle tissue

A
  • Produces movement of the body and it’s parts by shortening it’s fibers or cells
  • Specialized for contractility
20
Q

Muscle tissue

3 types

A

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

21
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

Attaches to bone

Striated and voluntary

22
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

Visceral = organs
Walls of organs or hollow tubes
Nonstriated and involuntary

23
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Heart
Heart walls
Striated and involuntary

24
Q

Epithelial tissue

A
  • Covers and protects the body
  • Lines body cavities
  • Transport: specializes in moving things into and out of the blood (secretion, excretion & absorption)
  • Forms many glands

Endocrine and exocrine glands are epithelial tissue

25
Q

Classification of epithelial tissue by

A

Layers

Shape

26
Q

Epithelial tissue classification

Shape 3 types

A

Squamous: flat like a pancake

Cuboidal: cube shaped, more cytoplasm

Columnar: wider than higher

27
Q

Epithelial tissue classification

Layers 2 types

A

Simple: single layer

Stratified: multiple layers

28
Q

Epithelial tissue

Main types 2

A
  • Covering/lining or membraneous

- glandular

29
Q

Glandular epithelial tissues

A

Grouped in solid cords or specialized follicles

Form the secretory units of endo and exocrine glands

30
Q

Covering/lining or membranous

A
  • Covers body and some of it’s parts
  • Lines serous cavities
    • pleural, pericardial, peritoneal
  • Lines the blood and lymphatic vessels, and the respiratory, digestive and genourinary tracts
31
Q

Membrane

Defined & 2 types

A

Membrane- flat sheets of pliable tissue

  • Epithelial
  • Synovial
32
Q

Membrane

Epithelial

A

Epithelial: includes an epithelial layer combined with an underlying layer of connective tissue

  Examples - mucous membranes, serous membranes and cutaneous membranes or skin
33
Q

Membrane

Synovial

A

Synovial: line the cavities of joints. Composed of areolar C.T., adipose tissue, collagen fibers and no epithelial layer

34
Q

Nervous tissue

A
  • Specializes in communication between different parts of the body
  • Integration of activities
  • Generates complex messages for the coordination of body functions

Most complex tissue

35
Q

Nervous tissue

2 types

A

Neurons: the conducting units

Neuroglia: support cells

Anatomy & Physiology I (22 decks)

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