A&P 1.14 Flashcards
Biceps brachii
Antagonists
Triceps is on the back or posterior aspect of the arms: it extends the elbow.
Biceps is on the front or anterior aspect of the arm: it flexes the elbow.
Biceps brachii
A, O, I
Named for # heads and location
Brachii means arm
A- flex the elbow (radiolunar joint), supinate the forearm (radiolunar joint)
O- short head: coracoid process of scapula
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I- radial tuberosity
Bones to know
Scapula Clavicle Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges
Bony landmarks
Glenoid fossa
Supra-glenoid
Xxxxxxxx
Bones of arm and shoulder
Review and know
Histology of bones
type of connective tissue
widely spaced cells separated by matrix
matrix 25% water, 25% collagen fibers & 50% crystalized mineral salts
4 types of cells in bone tissue
Tendons
fibrous regular connective tissue, look like ropes or bands and conect muscle to bone
Periosteum
Define
Dense, white fibrous membrane (dense irregular CT)
Covers the bone except at joint surfaces
Peri- around. -osteum - bone
It needs to be dense and irregular or strong to resist pull of muscles on the bone so that any direction it gets pulled it’s reinforced. With muscle and joints there are multiple directions may get pulled at one time.
Periosteum
Additional information
Muscle tendon fibers are going to interlace with periosteal fibers and some connect to the bone itself
The CT components of the muscle (epi, peri, and endomysiums) are continuous with similar wrappings around collagen ropes in the tendon. The extensions of these wrappings and ropes are continuous with the periosteum and the bone itself, this makes the bones part of the continuous fibrous network.
Attachment of muscle to bone
Tendon- dense regular fibrous CT
Endo, epi, and perimysium
Mysium/muscle flows into endo, peri, and endomysium flow together to become tendons flow into periosteum attaches to bone
Types of bones
Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular bones Sesamoid bones
Long bones
Bones are Long with hollow shafts and expanded articular ends
Examples:
Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, metatarsal and phalanges
Short bones
Cubed or box shaped about as broad as they are long.
Examples: carpals and tarsals
Flat bones
Broad and thin, often curved
Examples: ribs, scapula, cranial bones, ilium, sternum
Irregular bones
Various sizes and shapes
Examples: vertebrae, fascial bones,
Sesamoid bones
Completely enclosed in a tendon
Examples: patella, pisiform, and two small bones on the plantar surface of the metatarsal
Axial skeleton
80 bones
74 upright axis, 6 in middle ear
Lie along longitudinal axis
Skull, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, ear ossicles
Skull bones: cranial (8) and fascial (14) bones
Skull bones: Protect the brain & house ear ossicles
Appendicular skeleton
126 bones: upper & lower limbs, pelvic & pectoral girdles
30 bones in each upper and lower limb
Joints: shoulder (gh)
appendicular skeleton
joints
shoulder: glenohumeral elbow: wrist: metacarpophalangeal interphalangeal
Pronation
Away from observer
Prone to spill
Supination
Towards observer
Holding a bowl of soup
Scapula
Supraglenoid tubercle Coracoid process Spine Axillary border Infraglenoid tubercle
Know scapula bony landmarks
Know
Radius and ulna bony landmarks
See. Diagrams
Sutural bones
In joint between skull bones
how are fingers and toes numbered?
largets to smallest
bones of the skull
general
completely separate both embryologically and evolutionarily
facials are more primitive
facial bones
lacrimal
lacrimal = tears
facial bones
palatine
palatine = royal
facial bones
vomer
vomer = plow shaped
facial bones
inferior nasal conchae
inferior nasal conchae = concha or shell shaped
carpals
8 bones
scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
some lovers try positions that they can’t handle
Carpals
scaphoid
schaphoid - boat shaped
Carpals
lunate
lunate = moon shaped
Carpals
triquetrum
triquetrum = 3 corners
Carpals
pisiform
pisiform = pea shaped
Carpals
trapezium
trapezium = 4 sided
Carpals
trapezoid
trapezoid = 4 sided
Carpals
capitate
capitate = large head
Carpals
hamate
hamate = hooked process
carpel tunnel
tunnel or bone and flexor retinaculum
tarsals
7 bones
talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, 3 cuniforms
calcaneus & cuboid: lateral
talus, navicular & 1 cuniform: medial
2 other cuniforms are intermediate
