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Anatomy & Physiology I > A&P 1.15 > Flashcards

A&P 1.15 Flashcards

1
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A, O, I

A

Named for action and location

A: flexion of wrist and Abduction of wrist (towards radius)

I: base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal

O: medial epicondyle of humerus via the flexor tendon

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2
Q

Epi

Define

A

On top

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3
Q

Metacarpals

3 parts

A

Base

Shaft

Head

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4
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Tendon that runs through the carpal tunnel

deep to the flexor retinaculum

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5
Q

Extensions originate on

A

the lateral epicondyle

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6
Q

Flexors originate on

A

Medial epicondyle

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7
Q

Radial versus ulnar deviation

A

Radial is abduction

Ulnar is adduction

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8
Q

Review of bone types

5

A 
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
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9
Q

Bone regions - long bones

A

Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Metaphysis

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10
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft (body)

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11
Q

Epiphysis

A

Ends of long bone

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12
Q

Metaphysis

A

In between diaphysis and epiphysis

Long bone growth happens here

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13
Q

Coverings - long bone

A

Periosteum

Articular cartilage

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14
Q

Periosteum

A

Sleeve like membrane around diaphysis

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15
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Hyaline covering over joint surfaces of epiphysis

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16
Q

Cavities - long bones

A

Medullary cavity

Endosteum

17
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Tube-like hollow space within diaphysis

Child - red bone marrow, filled with blood cells

Adult - yellow bone marrow, filled with fat

17
Q

endosteum

A

lining of the medullary cavity

18
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Contains adipose tissue
Fat storage for energy
More prevalent in adults

19
Q

Red bone marrow

A

Contains blood cells
Produces blood cells (hematopoiesis)
More prevalent in children (changes around age 5)

20
Q

Bone tissue

General

A

Hard connective tissue
Osseous tissue

It has a tensile strength nearly equal to iron but less than 1/3 the weight

21
Q

Types of bone cells

4

A

Osteogenic
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes

22
Q

Bone tissue matrix

A

Fibers - collagen (body’s most abundant protein

Ground substance : calcium, phosphate (mineral salts)

Water

23
Q

Osteogenic

A

Bone creating

Stem cells

Found in the endosteum and lining of the Haversian canals

Undergo cell division to form osteoblasts

24
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone builder

Daughter cells of osteogenic cells

Build create bone

Secrete bone matrix and collagen fibers

25
Q

Osteoclast

A

Bone breaks down or cuts down

Opposite of osteoblasts

Cuts down bone to release minerals

26
Q

Osteocyte

A

Bone cell

Mature bone cell (grown up osteoblast)

Maintains bone tissue

27
Q

Functions of bone tissue

5

A

Support: framework
Protection: encloses delicate structures
Movement: via levers
Mineral storage and homeostasis: reservoir for calcium and phosphorus
Hematopoiesis : blood cell production (bone marrow yellow and red)
Yellow - energy storage

28
Q

Bone growth length

A

until bone growth in length is complete, a layer of cartilage known as the epiphyseal growth plate remains

29
Q

Osteogenesis

A

Bone formation

The combined action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts that makes the bones into their adult shape

30
Q

Calcification process

A

after birth, cartilage is gradually replaced with bone tissue through a process called calcification

31
Q

Enchondral ossification

A

growth in long bones

Bone formation spreads from the center to the ends

Bone growth increases lengthwise, lengthening the diaphysis

32
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Growth of flat bones

Ossification center ossifies from the center out

33
Q

Bone growth

2 types

A

Appositional - thickness

Interstitial - length

34
Q

Appositional

A

Growth in thickness

Either at periosteum or perichondrium

35
Q

Interstitial

A

Growth in length
At the metaphysis below the epiphyseal growth plate
layer of hyaline cartilage in metaphysis of growing bons

36
Q

Bone remodeling

A

Is the ongoing replacement of extracellular matrix —old bone tissue replaced with new bone tissue

Osteoclasts remove minerals & collagen fibers then osteoblasts deposit new minerals and collagen fibers

37
Q

Range of motion

A

Refers to the range, measured in degrees of a circle, through which bones of a joint can be moved. The articular surfaces of synovial joints contact one another and determine the type and range of motion that is possible

38
Q

Factors that affect range of motion

6

A 
Structure and shape of articulating bones
Strength and tension of joint ligaments
Arrangement and tension of the muscles
Apposition of soft parts
Hormones
Disuse

Anatomy & Physiology I (22 decks)

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