A&P 1.02 Flashcards
Cardiovascular system
Types of vessels
Arteries - away from heart
Veins - converge toward heart
Capillaries - exchange, tiny vessels with thin walls
Cardiovascular system
Structures (3)
System type
Heart, blood vessels, blood
Closed system
Cardiovascular system
Functions (3)
Transportation
Regulation
Defense
Cardiovascular system
Transportation
Blood carries oxygen, nutrients and chemical messengers to all cells (arteries)
Blood carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells (veins)
Cardiovascular system
Regulation
Blood helps the body regulate
Temperature
Water
Acid-base balance (Ph)
Cardiovascular system
Defense
Blood components help defend against disease and mend damaged blood vessels
- white blood cells defend us against disease and invading pathogens
- clotting: blood clotting cells mend damaged blood cells
Lymphatic systems
Structures (4)
System type
Lymph
Lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic organs
Lymphatic tissues
System type: open, 1 way system from tissues to blood
Lymphatic system
Functions (3)
Immunity - specific resistance to disease
Fluid balance - returns proteins and fluids to blood
Transportation - carries lipids from GI (gastrointestinal) tract to the blood
Skeletal system
Structure (3)
Bones, cartilage, joints
Skeletal systems
Functions (4)
Supports posture
Protects organs
Participates in movement/locomotion
Storage of fats, minerals and cells that produce blood cells
Bones description
Bones are our basic framework
Where bones touch there are joints
Cartilage reduces friction at the joints
Anterior
Toward the front
Posterior
Towards the back
Intermediate
In between two structures
Superficial
Toward the surface
Deep
Toward the inside (away from the surface)
Lower limb
Lower extremity or LE in notes
Thigh, knee, leg, ankle, foot, toes
Upper limb
Upper extremity or UE in notes
Arm Elbow Forearm Wrist Hand Fingers
Muscle action
Origin
Origin or head of the muscle is the beginning of the muscle
The origin of a muscle is the proximal or inferior attachment and is usually fixed/stable.
Muscle action
Insertion
Insertion or end of muscle
The insertion of a muscle is the distal or superior attachment and moves toward the origin during contraction
Muscle action
Belly
The portion of muscle between the attachments
Contractile portion of the muscle
Muscle action
Action of the muscle
The movement that occurs when the belly pulls the insertion toward the origin.
