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Anatomy & Physiology I > A&P 1.09 > Flashcards

A&P 1.09 Flashcards

1
Q

Masseter

A, O, I

Named for

A

A - elevate the mandible (temporomanibular joint); may assist to protract the mandible (TM joint)

O - zygomatic arch

I - angle of the ramus of mandible

Named for it’s action

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2
Q

Temporalis

A, O, I

Named for

A

A - elevate the mandible (TM joint); retract the mandible (TM) joint

O - temporal fossa and fascia (frontal, temporal & parietal bones)

I - coronoid process and anterior edge of ramus of the mandible

Named for location

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3
Q

Axial skeleton

Description

A
  • 80 bones
  • lie along the longitudinal axis
  • skull, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, ear ossicles
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4
Q

Appendicular skeleton

Description

A
  • 126 bones

- upper and lower limbs and pelvic and pictorial girdles

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5
Q

Skull

Description

A

8 cranial bones

Protect brain and ear ossicles

  • muscle attachment for jaw, neck and fascial muscles

14 facial bones

  • protect delicate sense organs: smell, taste, vision
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6
Q

Cranial bones

8

A 
Frontal
Temporal (2)
Parietal (2)
Occipital 
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
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7
Q

Facial bones

14

A 
Vomer 
Mandible
Nasal (2)
Inferior nasal conchae (2)
Lacrimal (2)
Maxillea (2)
Palatine (2)
Zygomatic (2)
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8
Q

Bony landmarks

Head & face

Trail 228

A

.

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9
Q

Bony landmark trail

Trail 230

A

.

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10
Q

Zygomatic arch

2 bones

A 
Zygomatic bone
Temporal bone (posterior)
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11
Q

Zygomatic process of the temporal bone

A

Posterior portion of the zygomatic arch

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12
Q

Temporal process of the zygomatic bone

A

Anterior portion of the zygomatic process

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13
Q

Tissue defined

A

Groups of similar cells working together

4 types - CMEN

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14
Q

Epithelial tissue

Description

A
  • specializes in moving substances in and out of the body
  • covers and protects
  • lines the body cavity
  • forms glands
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15
Q

Connective tissue

Description

A
  • specialized to support the body and its parts
  • connects and holds body parts together
  • transports substances through the body
  • protects from foreign invaders
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16
Q

Muscle tissue

Description

A
  • specializes in contraction

- produces movement

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17
Q

Nervous

Description

A
  • specializes in communication
  • integrates activities
  • generates messages to coordinate function
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17
Q

Principles for naming epithelial tissue

A

Shape

- squamous
- cuboidal
- columnar

Layers

- simple
- stratified
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18
Q

Two types of tissue that make up our skin

A

Epithelial

Connective

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19
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

2 types

A

Keratinized

Non-keratinized

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20
Q

Keratinized

Description

A

Cells contain the protein keratin
The keratin protein repels water (water proofing)
Found in the skin

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21
Q

Non-keratinized

A

Cells do not contain keratin
Lines the: vagina, mouth and esophagus
Free moist surfaces
Still serves as a protective layer

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22
Q

Connective tissue

3 types

A

Fibrous
Fluid
Skeletal

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23
Q

Connective tissue

General

A

One of the most widespread tissues in the body

Found in and around almost every organ in the body

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24
Q

Connective tissue named for

A

Structural characteristics

Intercellular material

26
Q

Connective tissue consists of 2 things

A

Cells

Extra-cellular matrix

27
Q

Cells

A

Surrounded by matrix

28
Q

Matrix is made up of two things

A

Ground substance

Fibers

29
Q

Matrix

Ground substance

A
  • gel
    • semi-hard substance
      - hard
      - liquid
30
Q

Matrix

Fibers

A
  • collagen
    • elastin
    • reticulin
31
Q

6 types of fibrous connective tissue

A 
Dense regular
Dense irregular
Reticular 
Elastic
Loose areolar
Adipose
32
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A

Tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses or (tendonous sheets)

contain collagen fibers in a regular pattern

33
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue

A

Deep fascia, dermis, scars, capsules of various organs and valves, lining of joints cartilage and bones

Irregularly arranged collagen fibers

34
Q

Reticular fibrous connective tissue

A

Inner framework of spleen, lymph nodes, & red bone marrow for filtration

Has reticular cells that connect to form a network of “weblike & filtering or cheese cloth like”

35
Q

elastic fibrous connective tissue

A

Skin, blood vessels and lung tissues

Elastin fibers, strong with good recoil to maintain shape

36
Q

Loose areolar fibrous connective tissue

A

Between other tissues and organs and superficial fascia

Fills empty spaces ‘packing material’ around nearly all body structures, forms subcutaneous layer

37
Q

Adipose fibrous connective tissue

A

Under the skin, padding around the various body parts

38
Q

Functions of the integumentary system

A 
Temperature regulation
Protection
Cutaneous sensation
Excretion/absorption 
Vitamin D synthesis
39
Q

2 layers of skin

A

Epithelial tissue and connective tissue

Epidermis - on top
Dermis- next layer

40
Q

Epidermis

Description

A

On top (most superficial level)
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Avascular ( without blood vessels)
Anervated (without nerve endings)

Epithelial tissue

41
Q

Epidermis

Layers

A

1 - superficial - stratumcormium

5 - deep - basal level

41
Q

Epidermis and dermis are what types of tissue

A

Epithelial

42
Q

Stratum cornuem

Description

A

Surface level

25-30 layers of dead keratinocytes
Thin squamous cells
Dead: constantly being shed and replaced
Cytoplasm is replaced with keratin, keratin is a water repelling protein
Serves as a barrier for water loss ( ie burns) and keep the water in and repels outside contaminants

43
Q

Stratum basale or stratum germinatium

Description

A

1 single layer: cuboidal or columnar cells
Deep: this is the deepest layer of the epithelial layer
Reproduction: this is the layer where mitosis occurs ( 1 cell divides into 2 cells)
Cells migrate from the basale layer up to the surface

44
Q

Thick versus thin skin

A

.page 115

45
Q

Thin skin

A

Covers most of the bodies surfaces
4 layers
As thin as 0.5 MM in thickness

46
Q

Thick skin

A

Covers palms, fingertips, soles and areas of great friction
5 layers
As thick as 5 MM

47
Q

Dermis

Description

A

Mostly connective tissue

Vascular and innervated

Contains blood vessels, hair, follicles, glands

48
Q

Dermis description

A

“True skin”

Mostly connective tissue

Vascular and innervated

Contains blood vessels, hair follicles, glands

49
Q

Dermis layers

A

Papillary region

Reticular layer

50
Q

Papillary region

A

Dermal papillae “nipples” which increase surface area and contain capillary loops and sensory receptors; forms ridges that are finger prints

51
Q

Reticular layer

A

Deeper, thicker

Thicker layers of mostly collagen and some elastin

Gives skin it’s toughness and elasticity

Contains blood vessels, nerve endings, glands, hair

52
Q

Hypodermis

A

Not skin, layer below the skin

Superficial fascia

Subcutaneous

Storage area for fat. Look at slides

Layer beneath the dermis

Loose subcutaneous layer that is rich in fat (adipose) and areolar tissue

53
Q

Foramen

A

Opening

54
Q

Fossa

A

Shallow depression

55
Q

Sulcus

A

Groove

56
Q

Meatus

A

Tubelike passageway or canal

57
Q

Condyle

A

Large, round protuberance

58
Q

Facet

A

Smooth flat articular surface

59
Q

Trochanter

A

Very large projection

60
Q

Tuberosity

A

Large, rounded, roughened projection

Anatomy & Physiology I (22 decks)

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