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Anatomy & Physiology I > A&P 1.18 > Flashcards

A&P 1.18 Flashcards

1
Q

Rhonboids

A, I, O

Minor

A

A-retraction of the scapula (adduction)

O-SP of C7 and T1

I-medial/vertebral border of the scapula level with the root spine of the scapula

Named for geometric shape

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2
Q

Rhomboid major

A, I, O

A

A- retraction of the scapula (adduction)

O- SP of T2 to T5

I-medial/vertebral border of the scapula between the spine and the inferior angle

Named for geometric shape

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3
Q

Gastrocnemius

A, I, O

A

A-flexion of the knee, plantar flexion of the ankle

O-condyles of the femur (medial and lateral)

I-calcaneus via the Achilles or calcaneal tendon

Named for shape and location

Gastro: belly, kneme: leg

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4
Q

Vertebrae
4
Landmarks

A

Spinous process
Transverse process
body
foramen

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5
Q

Scapula

Bony landmarks

A

Know all

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6
Q

Femur landmarks

A

Medial and lateral condyles

Plus others see slide

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7
Q

Tarsals

Parts

A

Cuniform: wedge
Navicular: ship
Cuboid: cube
plus others

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8
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Standing on your toes

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9
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Stand on your heels

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10
Q

Synovial joints

General

A

Most mobile
Most numerous
Most complex/most components
Majority of the joints in the appendicular skeleton

225-229

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11
Q

Synovial joint structure

A 
Joint capsule
Articular cartilage 
Joint cavity
Ligaments
Meniscus
Bursa
Tendon (sheaths)
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12
Q

Synovial joint capsule

2 membranes

A

Joint capsule created by two membranes

Fibrous
Synovial

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13
Q

Synovial joint capsule

Fibrous membrane

A

outside, holds capsule together, made of dense irregular CT

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14
Q

Synovial joint capsule

Synovial membrane

A

inside, secretes fluid, made of loose areolar and adipose CT

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15
Q

Synovial joint articular cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage: covers articulating surface of bone and is smooth & slippery

reduces friction between the articulating bones and asorbs shock

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16
Q

Synovial joint structure

Joint cavity

A

The space between the articulating bones

Allows free movement of articulating bones

Contains synovial fluid

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17
Q

Synovial joint structure

Ligaments

A

Dense regular CT, holds capsule together, interconnected with fibrous membrane

Are either extra or intra capular

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18
Q

Structure of synovial joints

Menisci

A

Pads made of fibro-cartilage, lie between articular surfaces and help direct the flow of synovial fluid

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19
Q

Synovial joint

Tendon

A

Tendon sheaths

Tube like bursae that wrap around tendons that undergo a great amount of friction (hands, feet)

19
Q

Synovial joints

Bursa

A

Purse

Small cushion like synovial filled fluid sacs that are found in between moving parts and reduce friction between bones and tendons or ligaments

20
Q

types of synovial joints

6

A 
Hinge joint
Pivot joint
Saddle
Condyloid
Ball & socket
Gliding or planar
22
Q

Types of synovial joints

3 divisions

A

Unixalial
biaxial
Multiaxial or triaxial

23
Q

Unixalial

Joints

A

movement in one axis, one plane

Hinge:
Pivot

24
Q

Hinge joint

A

Back and forth movement

Flexion/extension

Examples: elbow, knee, interphalangeal

25
Q

Pivot joint

A

Rotation

Examples: atlantoaxial joints (C1-C2) or Radioulnar

26
Q

biaxial joints

A

movement in 2 axes, 2 planes

Saddle
Condyloid

27
Q

Saddle joint

A

found at the thumb

Gives us the opposable thumb action

Metacarpal/trapezium. Saddle like movement

28
Q

Condyloid joint

A

Allows back and forth and side to side movement

Example: atlanto-occipital, radiocarpal joints

29
Q

Multiaxial or triaxial

A

Movement in 3 or more axes or planes

Ball & socket
Gliding

30
Q

Ball & socket joint

A

most moveable

hip/shoulder

31
Q

Gliding or planar joint

A

Permit side to side and back and forth

Examples: carpal, tarsal, SI, sternocostal

32
Q

major diarthrotic joints

4

A

shoulder
knee
hip
vertebrae

33
Q

shoulder

joint name & description

A

glenohumeral
humeroscapular

more mobile than stable

34
Q

Hip

joint name & description

A

acetabulofemoral

more stable than mobile

35
Q

Knee

joint name & description

A

tibiofemoral

knee joint is less protected by muscular tissue than hip or shoulder
more easily injured
bear the brunt of our loads

36
Q

vertebrae

joint name & description

A

intervertebral discs

cartilaginous discs that hold vertebrae firmly together so they are not easily dislocated, but allow for flexibility when the spine moves together as a whole

37
Q

Knee joint

Components

A 
Capsule
Patellar ligament
Menisci
Collateral ligaments
cruciate ligaments
38
Q

knee

patellar ligament

A

strengthens the anterior aspect of the joint

39
Q

knee

menisci

A

help compensate for irregular shapes of articulating surfaces
helps stabilize the joint and guide the movement of the femoral condyles

40
Q

Knee joint

Collateral ligaments

A

Medial/tibial
Lateral/fibular

on either side of joint
helps to stabilize the medial and lateral sides of the joint

41
Q

Knee joint

Cruciate ligaments

A

Anterior

Posterior

42
Q

Knee joint

Cruciate ligaments

anterior

A

originates on tibia anteriorly and moves lateral and posteriorly to the femur

prevents hyperextension of the knee

43
Q

Knee joint

Cruciate ligaments

posterior

A

originates posteriorly on the tibia and moves anteriorly and medially to the femur

prevents posterior sliding of the tibia especially in flexion

44
Q

dislocation

A

AKA luxation

displacement of a bone from a joint

results in tears of ligaments, tendons, and joint capsule

45
Q

subluxation

A

partial luxation

46
Q

sprain

A

tearing of ligaments
not necessarily complete
forceable wrenching

47
Q

strain

A

tearing of tendons and muscle tissue

not necessarily complete

Anatomy & Physiology I (22 decks)

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