A&P 1.17 Flashcards
Lattissimus dorsi
A, I, O
A- extend the shoulder, Adduct the shoulder, Medially rotate the shoulder
O - S.P. T8-L5, sacrum, iliac crest (external lip of posterior crest). Via the thoracolumbar aponeurosis
I - medial lip of the bicipital groove of humerus
Named for location, shape and size
Lattissimus - broadest
Dorsi - back
Lattissimus dorsi
general
most superficial muscle of the lower back
arrest position
4 types of tissue
CMEN
3 types of connective tissues
Fluid
Fiber
Hard or skeletal
Dense fibrous connective tissue
Contains fibroblasts (fiber producing cells)
Mostly collagen
Some elastin
And few reticular fibers
Regular and irregular ( under skin dermis and peri-osteum)
Skeletal connective tissue
Cartilage
Cells: chondrocytes
Matrix: collagen, elastin and some reticular fibers
Types of cartilage
3
Hyaline
Fibro-cartilage
Elastic
Hyaline cartilage
Most common cartilage in the human body
Found in articular joints, ribs and pre-calcifying bone, support rings of respiratory tubes
collagen
Fibrocartilage
Most collagen fibers causing rigidity and stiffness
Strongest, most durable type of cartilage
Made of large collagen bundles
Found: intervertebral discs, pubis symphysis and knee joint
Elastic cartilage
Large number of very fine elastic fibers that help maintain shape after deformations
Ear, nose, vocal cartilages
High degree of flexibility does not calcify
Articulation or joint
Defined
A point of contact between bones
Also known as arthrosis
Joints classified by
Structure and function
Arthrology
Defined
Study of joints
Structure
Classified by what’s holding it together
type of connective tissue
Function
Classified by the degree of movement permitted
Structures
3 types
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
Fibrous connective tissue.
Overview
Contains fibroblast, mostly collagen with some elastic, few reticular fibers, run in parallel bundles (tendons and ligaments)
Irregular fibrous in the dermis/scar tissue
Fibrous joints
Characteristics
Lack a synovial cavity
Bones held together by fibrous connective tissue
Little or no movement (synarthrosis or amphiarthroses)
3 structural types
Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphosis
fibrous joints
3 structural types
3 structural types
Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphosis
Suture
Characteristics
To sew together
immovable (synarthrosis)
Thin fibrous layer connecting bones of the skull
Syndesmosis
Defined
Fibrous joint - bones united by ligament Slightly movable (amphiarthrosis) Anterior tibiofibular joint and interossious membrane
Gomphosis
Characteristics
Ligament holds come shaped peg in bony slot
immovable (synarthrosis)
Teeth in alveolar process
Cartilaginous joints
Characteristics
Limited movement
Lacks a synovial joint
Allows little or no movement
Bones tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
Cartilaginous joints
2 types
Synchondroses
Symphyses
Synchondrosis
Defined
Between sternum and ribs or sternocostal joint and epiphyseal plate
hyaline cartilage
immovable (synarthrosis)
Symphyses
Defined
Fibrocartilage is connecting material
Slightly movable (amphiarthrosis)
Intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis
Synovial joints
Defined
Majority of joints in body
Joint space is a synovial joint cavity
Articular cartilage covering ends of bones
Articular capsule
Movable (diathroses)
Fluid filled joint capsule
Types of synovial joints
6
Planar Hinge Pivot Condyloid Saddle Ball and socket
Synovial joint
Divisions 3
Monaxial
Biaxial
Triaxial
Function
3 degrees
Classified by degree of movement
3 degrees
immovable (synarthrosis)
Slightly movable (amphiarthrosis)
Movable (diathroses)
Synarthroses
Defined
Immovable or mostly immovable
Amphiarthrosis
Defined
Slightly movable
Diarthroses
Defined
Freely movable
sutures
joint type
example
fibrous
immovable (synarthrosis)
cranial bones
gomphoses
joint type
example
fibrous
immovable (synarthrosis)
teeth
synchondroses
joint type
example
“hyaline cartilage”
cartilaginous
immovable (synarthrosis)
1st sterno-costal joint, epiphyseal plates
syndesmoses
joint type
example
fibrious Slightly movable (amphiarthrosis)
interosseous membrane, some ligament structures
symphoses
joint type
example
“fibrocartilage”
cartilaginous Slightly movable (amphiarthrosis)
pubic sumphysis, vertebral discs
ball & socket
joint type
example
synovial
Movable (diathroses)
knee, elbow, shoulder, hip, etc.
