9.3 Kahoot - exam Flashcards
What is the major endocrine gland invoved in stress?
Adrenal Gland
The two layers of the adrenal glands are the:
medulla and cortex
Which is the INNER portion of the adrenal gland ?
Medulla
What hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla?
norepinephrine and epinephrine
How is the adrenal medulla stimulated to release hormones?
Sympathetic nerves
responses by the body to the release of epinephrine?
- decreased digestive activity
- faster heart rate
- incerased blood glucose
What type of stress does the adrenal medulla respond to?
short term
What is anaphylaxis?
severe, immediate allergic reaction
How do EpiPens help treat anaphylaxis?
they dialate the bronchioles
Which is the OUTER portion of the adrenal gland ?
cortex
What stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal cortex?
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
What hormones are secreted by the Adrenal Cortex?
- androgens
- glucocorticoids
- mineralocorticoids
the adrenal cortex responds to what type of stress?
long term
What gland releases adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
Anterior pituitary gland
The release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary is stimulated by:
Corticotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus
Negative feedback controlling cortisol levels occurs where?
Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary
People with chronic stress have high levels of cortisol
True
What effect can high levels of cortisol have on the body?
decreased immune function
Aldosterone mainly effects the cells of what organ?
kidney
What physiological change occurs when aldosterone is released?
Higher blood pressure
Addison’s Disease is caused by decreased hormone levels by what gland?
adrenal cortex
Where is the pancreas found?
By the stomach
What 2 pancreatic hormones are involved in blood sugar homeostasis?
insulin and glucagon
What are the endocrone cells of the pancreas called?
islets of Langerhans
Within the Islets of Langerhans, alpha cells produce:
glucagon
Within the Islets of Langerhans, beta cells produce:
insulin
Insulin and glucagon have antagonistic actions
True
Which hormone of the pancrease increases blood sugar concentration?
glucagon
How does glucagon raise blood sugar?
Stimulates glycogen breakdown in liver
How does insulin lower blood sugar?
Stimulates glycogen formation in liver and muscles
What is Diabetes Mellitis?
A chronic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels
What term is used to describe high blood glucose?
Hyperglycemic
symptom of Hyperglycemia?
- blurred vision
- weight loss
- frequent urination
How is type 1 diabetes different than type 2 diabetes
Type 1 is autoimmune, Type 2 is caused by lifestyle
What causes type 1 diabetes?
Pancreas doesn’t make enough (or any!) insulin
What causes Type 2 Diabetes?
cells developing insulin resistance
What is an endocrine disruptor?
A chemical that acts like a human hormone
An example of an endocrine disruptor found in plastic is:
BPA
endocrine disruptor (male femininization) found in herbicides
atrazine
