6.1 - 6.3 Kahoot - exam

Question 1

Other than proteins, what molecules can genes code for?

Answer 1

functional RNA

Question 2

How is a DNA nucleotide different from a RNA nucleotide?

Answer 2

Both the pentose sugar and one of the nitrogenous bases

Question 3

Why is the genetic code considered to be Universal?

Answer 3

Each codon codes for the same amino acid in every organism

Question 4

What does it mean that the genetic code is redundant?

Answer 4

may have several codons for a single amino acid

Question 5

What is a Codon?

Answer 5

it is a sequence of three bases that codes for an amino acid

Question 6

What is transcription?

Answer 6

the process of making mRNA from DNA in the nucleus

Question 7

What is Translation?

Answer 7

mRNA transforms a protein at the ribosomes

Question 8

What is another term used to describe the coding region of DNA?

Answer 8

gene

Question 9

In Eukaryotic DNA, what is the non-coding relative sequences at the end of the DNA

Answer 9

telomeres

Question 10

DNA is comprised of coding and non coding regions. What are Introns?

Answer 10

DNA that does not have code for proteins

Question 11

What percent of human DNA is composed of non-coding regions?

Answer 11

99%

Question 12

What is one role of the non-coding DNA in the genome?

Answer 12

Regulates transcription (ie. promotors)

Question 13

TRUE/FALSE: All RNA molecules code for a protein product.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

In order, what are the 3 stages of Transcription?

Answer 14

Initiation, Elongation, Termination

Question 15

The antisense strand is also known as

Answer 15

Template strand

Question 16

The sense strand is also known as the …

Answer 16

coding strand

Question 17

Which DNA strand is used to make RNA transcript?

Answer 17

antisense

Question 18

What enzyme is responsible for making RNA from DNA?

Answer 18

RNA polymerase

Question 19

What sequence of DNA is required for RNA polymerase to bind and begin transcription?

Answer 19

promoter

Question 20

Where is the promoter region found?

Answer 20

a region of DNA to the 5’ end (upstream) of the first exon

Question 21

a region of DNA to the 5’ end (upstream) of the first exon

Answer 21

less hydrogen bonding

Question 22

What enzyme unwinds the strand of DNA necessary for RNA transcription?

Answer 22

RNA Polymerase

Question 23

In what direction does RNA polymerase add nucleotides?

Answer 23

5’ to 3’

Question 24

A terminator sequence codes for:

Answer 24

the end of transcription

Question 25

What does a terminator sequence do?

Answer 25

Releases the RNA polymerase and RNA transcript from the template strand

Question 26

in Eukaryotes, what are the two names used for the RNA that is released from the RNA polymerase? (select both!)

Answer 26

1. precursor mRNA 2. primary transcript

Question 27

TRUE/FALSE: RNA modification occurs in only prokaryotes.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

modifications of precursor mRNA in Eukaryotes?

Answer 28

- Addition of poly-A tail - removal of introns - addition of 5' cap

Question 29

TRUE/FALSE: The 5' cap added to the primary transcript is a modified cytosine nucleotide.

Answer 29

false

Question 30

sfunctions of the 5' cap added in RNA processing?

Answer 30

- site of attachment of ribosome - protect mRNA from degradation - helps mRNA leave nucleus

Question 31

best descriptions the function of poly-A tails for eukaryotic mRNA?

Answer 31

They have a protective role against degradation

Question 32

Introns ________ and exons _________.

Answer 32

are noncoding regions of DNA, are coding regions

Question 33

The joining of exons after the removal of introns from the primary mRNA transcript is known as?

Answer 33

RNA Splicing

Question 34

What is a snRNP?

Answer 34

small nuclear RNA & proteins

Question 35

snRNPs are important for:

Answer 35

removal of introns

Question 36

What is the name of the enzyme that removes the introns and splices the exons together?

Answer 36

Spliceosomes

Question 37

What is alternative splicing?

Answer 37

splicing of RNA can occur more than one way to produce different products

Question 38

what is the type of rna that brings amino acids into the ribosome

Answer 38

tRNA

Question 39

the structure of tRNA appears like a

Answer 39

clover leaf

Question 40

the stem-loop structure of tRNA is associate with which important functional regions

Answer 40

anti-codon site

Question 40

how many stem loops does tRNA have

Answer 40

3

Question 41

the nitrogenous bases on tRNA that code for its amino acid are called

Answer 41

anticodon

Question 42

where is the acceptor stem located on tRNA

Answer 42

3' end

Question 43

what is the purpose of the acceptor stem on tRNA

Answer 43

to bond to a specific amino acid

Question 44

what direction is the anticodon read in

Answer 44

3' to 5'

Question 45

what is the process of adding an amino acid to tRNA called

Answer 45

aminoacylation

Question 46

what enzyme joins tRNA and amino acid together

Answer 46

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 47

what is tRNA called when there is an amino acid attached to it

Answer 47

aminoacyl tRNA

Question 48

this type of RNA contains codon

Answer 48

mRNA

Question 49

what is the anticodon to the codon 5' - GUA - 3'

Answer 49

CAU

Question 50

t/f each ribosome has four parts

Answer 50

false

Question 51

what are polyribosomes

Answer 51

a group of ribosomes reading a single mRNA simultaneously

Question 52

during translation list the parts that are used in the translation initiation complex

Answer 52

- mRNA - tRNA - small subunit of ribosome

Question 53

what amino acid does the start codon code for

Answer 53

methionine

Question 54

correct order of translation initiation

Answer 54

1. tRNA binds to small ribosomal subunit 2. 5' cap of mRNA loads onto small ribosome 3. tRNA/sm ribosome move along mRNA looking for start codon (AUG) 4. large ribosome binds

Question 55

what are the 3 tRNA binding sites on a ribosome

Answer 55

A P E

Question 56

Where does an aminoacyl-tRNA enter a ribosome during the elongation stage of protein synthesis?

Answer 56

A site

Question 57

What occurs at the P site of the ribosome?

Answer 57

the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain is held in place

Question 58

what occurs in the e site

Answer 58

tRNA that have delivered their amino acids exit the ribosomes.

Question 59

what bond is formed between amino acids in the ribosome

Answer 59

peptide

Question 60

purposes of elongation factors?

Answer 60

- prevent binding of improper anitcodons - translocation of mRNA down the ribosome - enable the attachment of the tRNA anticodon to the mRNA codon

Question 61

what must occur for translation termination

Answer 61

stop codon in mRNA is reached

Question 62

what occurs when a stop codon is at the A site of a ribosome

Answer 62

a release factor protein is activiated

Question 63

in translation, what does the release factor do when a stop codon is read?

Answer 63

binds to the stop codon in the A site in place of the tRNA

Question 64

what is the role of release factors in translation

Answer 64

they release the amino acid chain from the last tRNA

Question 65

is translation catabolic or anabolic

Answer 65

anabolic

Question 66

how many ATP/GTP total used per amino acid during protein production

Answer 66

4