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Biology SBI4U1 > 9.1/9.2 Kahoot - exam > Flashcards

9.1/9.2 Kahoot - exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of Endocrine system?

A

Secretes hormones that signal other systems.

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2
Q

examples of endocrine glands

A
  • thymus
  • hypothalamaus
  • pineal gland
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3
Q

To influence the activity of the target cell, hormones must _______?

A

bind to a receptor on the target cell

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4
Q

lipid-soluble hormones…

A

include all steroid hormones

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5
Q

Lipid soluble hormones act upon cells by

A

Going straight through the phospholipid cell membrane

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6
Q

Why do lipid-soluble hormones act slowly?

A

Proteins need to be made

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7
Q

water-soluble hormones include

A

all amino-acid based hormones (except thyroid hormone)

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8
Q

Water-soluble hormones can or cannot cross the cell membrane

A

can not

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9
Q

water-soluble hormones binds to

A

bind to receptors on plasma membrane; activate second messenger system

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10
Q

What part of the brain regulates most hormone systems?

A

Hypothalamus

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11
Q

What do tropic hormones do?

A

They stimulate the release of other hormones

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12
Q

How are the endocrine and nervous systems similar?

A

Both systems respond to stimuli and maintain homeostasis

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13
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located in the brain?

A

below the hypothalamus

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14
Q

How is the anterior pituitary different from the posterior pituitary?

A

posterior pituitary does not produce hormones

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15
Q

Where are hormones of the posterior pituitary gland produced?

A

Hypothalamus

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16
Q

Which hormones do Anterior Pituitary produce?

A
  • growth hormone
  • ACTH
  • Thyroid stimulating hormone
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17
Q

Human growth hormone…

A
  • principle effect is on the long bones
  • promotes the cellular use of carbs, proteins and fats
  • stimulates body cells to increase in size and divide
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18
Q

On what organ does human growth hormone have tropic effects?

A

Liver - releases growth factors

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19
Q

hypersecretion (increase) of growth hormone during childhood results in which of the following?

A

gigantism

20
Q

Hypersecretion (increase) of growth hormone during adulthood results in which of the following?

A

acromegaly

21
Q

Acromegaly’s hallmark symptoms include

A

enlarged jaw and hands

22
Q

Where is the thyroid gland found?

A

Neck

23
Q

What Hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland ?

A

T3 (Triiorothyronine ) and T4 (Thyroxine)

24
Q

What element is required for thyroid hormone production?

A

iodine

25
Q

What controls the function of the thyroid gland?

A

Pituitary gland via Thyroid stimulating hormone

26
Q

How is the release of thyroid hormones regulated?

A

negative feedback loop to pituitary & hypothalamus

27
Q

What does thyroid hormone cause stimulated tissues to do?

A

increase cellular respiration

28
Q

What is hypothyroidism

A

an underactive thyroid that does not secrete as much as it should

29
Q

symptom of hypothyroidism?

A

decreased hair growth
fatigue
weight gain

30
Q

What is a goiter?

A

enlargement of the thryoid

31
Q

What is hyperthyroidism?

A

an increase in thyroid hormone production

32
Q

symptom of hyperthyroidism

A
  • increased sweaating
  • weight loss
  • incerased heart rate]
33
Q

What is the cause of Graves’ disease?

A

thyroid-stimulating antibodies

34
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands found:

A

On the thyroid gland

35
Q

What is the function of the parathyroid glands?

A

maintain homeostasis of blood calcium concentrations

36
Q

What is the function of calcium in the body?

A

Makes bones strong, nerve and muscle functioning

37
Q

What hormone does the Parathyroid Gland secretes.

A

Parathyroid hormone

38
Q

What is the stimulus that causes the parathyroid gland to secretes parathyroid hormone?

A

decreased blood calcium

39
Q

If calcium levels are too high…

A

Thyroid releases calcitonin

40
Q

What body tissue does the parathyroid hormone act on?

A

bones

41
Q

What does parathyroid hormone cause bones to do?

A

degrade the bone matrix to release Ca2+ into blood

42
Q

mechanism of action of parathyroid hormone?

A
  • stimulate bone cells to release calcium from the bone
  • increase kidney reabsorption of calcium
  • increase intestinal absorption of calcium
43
Q

What hormone is antagonistic to the parathyroid hormone?

A

Calcitonin

44
Q

What gland releases Calcitonin ?

A

Thyroid gland

45
Q

What does calcitonin cause bones to do?

A

build up the bone matrix to remove Ca2+ from blood

46
Q

What vitamin is involved in stimulating the absorption of ingested calcium

A

vitamin D

Biology SBI4U1 (42 decks)

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