1.2 Kahoot - exam Flashcards

1
Q

Which functional group is responsible for the high solubility of carbohydrates in water

A

Hydroxyl group

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2
Q

What is the reaction that forms a disaccharide

A

Dehydration synthesis

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3
Q

Why are chitin and cellulose hydrophobic

A

They form many internal hydrogen bonds

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4
Q

What element make lipids

A

C, H, O

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5
Q

What are functions of lipids

A
  • long term energy storage
  • thermal insulation
  • hormones
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6
Q

How are lipids stored in adipose tissue?

A
  • as glycogen
  • as fatty acid
  • as triglycerides
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7
Q

Which functional group is found on fatty acid

A

Carboxyl group

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8
Q

What is a trans fat on a molecular level

A

Trans isomers of an unsaturated fat

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9
Q

Trans fats help … the risk of heart disease and diabetes

A

Increase

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10
Q

Phospholipid structure

A

Polar head and 2 non-polar fatty acid tails

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11
Q

Cell membrane is

A

Semi permeable

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12
Q

What types of molecule can easily cross the cell membrane

A

Small, non-polar molecules

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13
Q

Steroid structure

A

3 six-carbon rings w/ one five-carbon ring

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14
Q

Where does most of our body’s cholesterol come from

A

Produced in the liver

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15
Q

Function of cholesterol in the cell membrane

A

Flexibility and fluidity

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16
Q

LDL stand for

A

Low-density lipoprotein

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17
Q

Bad cholesterol

A

LDL

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18
Q

HDL function

A

Remove excess LDL and take to the liver for removal

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19
Q

Anabolic steroid function

A

Increase muscle mass

20
Q

Side effect of anabolic steroids in males

A
  • breast development
  • kidney damage
  • increased aggression
  • hair loss
21
Q

Side effects of anabolic steroids in women

A
  • decreased breast size
  • deepened voice
  • Altered menstrual function
22
Q

Monomer of all proteins

A

Amino acids

23
Q

Main elements found in proteins

A

C, H, O, N

24
Q

R structure in amino acid

A

A side chain/functional group

25
How many amino acids do we use in our body
20
26
What does it mean if an amino acid is essential
Amino acids aren't produced by the body naturally and need to be ingested
27
Bond between 2 amino acids
Peptide bond
28
What is the secondary structure in protein formation
The repeating pattern of a helix and a B pleated sheet
29
What happens in the secondary structure that causes the helix and pleating
Regions are stabilized by hydrogen bonds
30
Description of the primary structure of a protein
Linear chain of amino acids
31
What happens to form the tertiary structure
3-D shape stabilized by interactions between side chains
32
How many polypeptide chains are involved in the quaternady structure of a protein
2+
33
All proteins must be in their quaternary structure to be functional
False
34
Denaturation
Structural change of a protein that results in loss of function
35
Causes of denaturation
- change pH - change temp - change in NaCl concentration
36
Protein molecules change shape when denaturing because
Intermolecular bonds are broken
37
2 types of nucleic acids
DNA, RNA
38
DNA function
Store and transmit genetic info
39
RNA function
Protein synthesis
40
Monomers of nucleotides are called nucleic
False
41
Backbone of a nucleic acid molecule
Phosphate and sugar
42
Structural differences between DNA and RNA
- DNA has deoxyribose, RNA has ribose - DNA has thymine, RNA has uracil - DNA is double stranded, RNA single stranded
43
In DNA cytosine pairs with
Guanine
44
In RNA, adenine bonds
Uracil
45
Structure of a nucleotide
5 C sugar attached to a phosphate group and nitrogen base