3.3 Anaerobic Respiration & Fermentation (CQ - exam) Flashcards
Is the term “anaerobic respiration” synonymous with the term “fermentation”? Explain your answer.
- Not synonymous because they both do different things
- Fermentation just loops back to glycolysis
- Anaerobic cellular respiration is not just a cycle of glycolysis
Why is fermentation less efficient at supplying energy compared to aerobic respiration?
Fermentation does not result in oxidation of glucose
Explain why fermentation produces fewer ATP molecules than aerobic respiration.
- Only ATP yielded is glycolysis
- Unlike aerobic respiration which has the ETC
Using a specific example, explain how anaerobic organisms are able to continue electron transport processes in the absence of oxygen.
Uses an inorganic molecule for an electron acceptor other than oxygen, such as sulfate
The anaerobic threshold is the point at which certain muscles do not have enough oxygen to perform aerobic respiration and begin to perform anaerobic respiration. Infer why it is important for competitive long-distance runners to raise their anaerobic threshold.
Raising anaerobic threshold is important for long distance runners because without being able to take in lots of oxygen to relieve the aerobic threshold so training the anaerobic threshold is important.
Explain why glycolysis is included with both aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration.
It is the first step of an aerobic respiration process (cellular respiration) but due to it being the first step technically it is anaerobic respiration.
Do lactic acid and ethanol still contain usable cellular energy? Explain.
- yes, the waste products are not fully oxidized and still contain energy
- carbon bonds are energy and there is still carbons left in lactate or ethanol
Consider the chemical reactions in alcohol fermentation. Based on these reactions, infer how yeast makes bread dough rise.
Yeast releases CO2 but it is in trapped by the other dough materials.
Suggest why slow-oxidative muscle fibers and fast-glycolytic muscle fibers have different amounts of mitochondria.
- Slow-oxidative fibers uses fatty acids and rely on the ETC and have lots of mitochondria
- Fast glycolytic use glycogen and mostly doing glycolysis
It can be much faster to produce ATP by glycolysis than by oxidative phosphorylation. How would it benefit a sprinter to have high numbers of fast-glycolytic fibers? How would it benefit a long distance runner to have high numbers of slow-glycolytic fibers?
High number of fast-glycolytic fibers would be beneficial for sprinters because they are fast acting and get exhausted faster, this type of muscle has less mitochondria and would acquire more of its energy from oxidative phosphorylation. Slow-glycolytic fibers has high amounts of mitochondria, and due to the nature needed for a long distance runner (fast making, not exhausted fast), then they would require more energy from glycolysis because it has high production.
A nutritional supplement containing pyruvate is available at the cost of $9/100g, and promises to give you more energy. Would it make sense to buy it? Explain.
It would not make sense because sugar (glucose) would be more efficient in processing.
It is known that prolonged exposure to carbon monoxide can cause death. This is due to carbon monoxide molecules binding to the hemoglobin in the blood. This causes a reduced ability to extract oxygen in the lungs. Describe how this can possibly lead to death.
- Without extraction of oxygen in the lungs, no oxygen can be passed through the blood stream
- Without oxygen there is no final e’ acceptor, therefore causing a build up of almost made energy
- But still, no energy being of output
- Unable to make enough ATP
