4.2 Kahoot - exam Flashcards
What organelle does photosynthesis take place in?
chloroplast
what does mesophyll tissue do in plants
photosynthesis
what is the role of the stomata
to allow gases into and out of the leaves
these open and close the stomata
guard cells
together, stomata and guard cells regulate
gas exchange and water loss
in c3 plants, when are the stomata open
usually during the day
where do protons accumulate during photosynthesis
thylakoid space
e’ in plant pigments gain energy by
the absorption of light energy
a leaf looks green becayse its chlorophyll molecules ___________.
reflect green light and absorb the other frequencies
as the absorbance of chlorophyll a increases, the rate of photosynthesis
increases
photosystem
a cluster of pigments and proteins that capture light energy
antenna complexes
cluster of pigments/proteins that capture light
what is the function of the reaction center
to pass excited e’ out of the photosystem
what provides the e’ in the light-dependent reactions with the energy to move from the reaction center to the carrier
light
where do the light-dependent reactions occur
thylakoid membrane
photosystem I has which reaction centre?
P700
photosystem II has which reaction centre
P680
what is the last protein in the etc of photosynthesis?
NADP+ reductase
what is the function of water in photosynthesis
supply e’ to photosystem II
how is oxygen made in photosynthesis
its made when water is split apart
what protein creates a high concentration of H+ during the light dependent reaction?
b6-f complex
the end product of the light-dependent reactions is glucose
false
in what part of the cell do the light-dependent reactions create a high concentration of H+ ions?
thylakoid space
what happens when a reaction centre is excited
e’ are passed to an e’ acceptor
what is the final e’ acceptor in the etc of photosynthesis
NADP+
what is photophosphorylation
synthesis of ATP using photon energy
this enzyme is responsible for photophosphorylation
ATP synthase
cyclic photophosphorylation accomplishes what
increases H+ pumping to the thylakoid space
what is the process called that increases ATP production in photosynthesis
cyclic phosphorylation
where do the light-independent reactions occur
stroma
the passing of one electron pair along the etc in photosynthesis creates how many molecules
1 ATP and 1 NADPH
which photosystem is involved in cyclic phosphorylation
photosystem I
describe the path of e’ in cyclic phosphorylation
P700 –> e- acceptor –> e- carrier –> b6-f complex -> e- carrier –> P700
what supplies the e’ in the light dependent reactions
water
what is the light-independent phase also known as
the calvin cycle
what is the starting material of the calvin cycle
RuBP
in the calvin cycle, what is the 3 carbon product that exits the cycle
G3P
how many CO2 must enter the calvin cycle to produce a single glucose
6
what is the 1st phase of calvin cycle
carbon fixation
what enzyme is responsible for “fixing” carbon during photosynthesis
rubisco
G3P rearranges to form what molecule in the calvin cycle
RuBP
what is the first stable organic compound after carbon is fixed in the calvin cycle
3-phosphoglycerate
if 3 CO2 enter the calvin cycle, how many 3-phosphoglycerate molecules are made?
6
what occurs in the 2nd phase of calvin cycle
reduction reactions
for 3 CO2, how many ATP and NADPH are used during the reduction step of calvin’s cycle
6 and 6
what molecule is made during the reduction step of calvin’s cycle
G3P
the G3P that leaves the calvin cycle must always form glucose
false
what is required to regenerate RuBP in phase 3 of calvin cycle
5 G3P and 3 ATP
to make 1 glucose molecule takes…
6 CO2, 18 ATP, 12 NADPH
photorespiration
process of fixing O2 instead of CO2 by rubisco
when does rubisco to bind oxygen sometimes?
when oxygen levels in a leaf are high
C4 and CAM plants use a different cycle than calvin’s to create glucose
false
why have some plants adapted to use C4 or CAM photosynthesis
to protect against water loss in dry environments
how do CAM and C4 plants store CO2 for later use in calvin’s cycle
convert it to a 4-C molecule
in what type of cell do C4 plants store CO2
mesophyll cell
in what type of cell do C4 plants perform most of Calvin’s cycle
bundle-sheath cell
how are CAM plants different than C3 plants?
CAM plants open their stomata at night
