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Biology SBI4U1 > 5 Kahoot - exam > Flashcards

5 Kahoot - exam Flashcards

1
Q

Monomer of DNA

A

nucleotide

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2
Q

backbone of DNA

A

phosphate and sugar

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3
Q

pyrimidines

A

cytosine and thymine

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4
Q

number of rings in pyrimidines

A

1

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5
Q

complementary base pairing refers to

A

the arrangement of nitrogenous bases in DNA strands

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6
Q

what are the complementary base pairs in DNA

A

A always binds with T; G always binds with C

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7
Q

How many hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine?

A

2

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8
Q

Antiparallel means that

A

strands of DNA run in opposite directions

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9
Q

What is attached to the 3’ end of DNA?

A

An exposed hydroxyl group

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10
Q

What is attached to the 5’ end of DNA?

A

Phosphate

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11
Q

How many nucleotides are in one turn of DNA?

A

10 basepairs

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12
Q

What is a genome?

A

An organism’s complete set of hereditary information.

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13
Q

What is a gene?

A

A functional unit of DNA

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14
Q

How is eukaryote DNA different than prokaryote DNA?

A

eukaryote DNA is linear

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15
Q

Where is the DNA found in a prokaryotic cell?

A

Nuceloid Region

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16
Q

Which enzyme controls the twisting of DNA in Prokaryotes?

A

topoisomerase

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17
Q

What is a plasmid?

A

A small loop of DNA that can be copied and shared.

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18
Q

What is a nucleosome?

A

region of DNA wound around histone proteins

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19
Q

In what form is DNA during interphase?

A

chromatin

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20
Q

At what stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

A

S phase

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21
Q

In order, what are the three main phases of DNA replication?

A

initiation, elongation, termination

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22
Q

What is the replication fork?

A

the region where parental strands of DNA are being unwound

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23
Q

What is a replication bubble

A

A seperated segment of DNA where replication originates

24
Q

Helicase unwinds the DNA by:

A

breaking hydrogen bonds

25
Q

After the DNA is unzipped by DNA helicase, what happens next?

A

SSBPs stabilize DNA strands so they don’t anneal

26
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that relieves the stress on the DNA during unwinding?

A

Topoisomerase

27
Q

What enzymes adds nucleotides to build a new strand of DNA?

A

DNA polymerase III

28
Q

What is required before DNA polymerase can add new nucleotides to build the new strand?

A

RNA primer

29
Q

What end of the DNA strand does DNA Polymerase add nucleotides to?

A

3’

30
Q

how many primers are required for each leading strand?

A

1

31
Q

Which strand of DNA is built discontinuously?

A

lagging

32
Q

tRUE/FALSE: The overall direction of DNA replication in the lagging strand is opposite that of the leading strand

A

false

33
Q

The overall direction of DNA replication is:

A

away from the origin of replication

34
Q

Why is the lagging strand built up in a discontinous fashion?

A

DNA synthesis is in the 5’ to 3’ direction (adding nuceotides to 3’ end)

35
Q

What are the fragments on the lagging strand called?

A

okazaki

36
Q

What is the enzyme that removes and replaces the RNA primers with DNA nucleotides called?

A

DNA polymerase I

37
Q

What is the enzyme that forms the phosphodiester bonds between DNA fragments called?

A

Ligase

38
Q

What occurs in the termination phase of DNA replication?

A

DNA strands rewind

39
Q

What enzyme is responsible for the proofreading of DNA during replication?

A

polymerase

40
Q

When does DNA polymerase perform its proofreading function on mispaired nucleotides?

A

before adding the next nucleotide in the chain

41
Q

DNA polymerase “proofreads” each new DNA strand. Why would DNA need “proofreading?”

A

The new strand needs to be a perfect copy.

42
Q

An unfixed mistake made during DNA replication is called:

A

Mutation

43
Q

How does DNA polymerase recognize mismatched base pairs?

A

3’ OH- of mismatched base incorrectly positioned for DNA polymerase

44
Q

Strand slippage causes:

A

addition or deletion of bases

45
Q

What is the function of an exonuclease?

A

To correct mistakes made by DNA polymerase in replication

46
Q

How does DNA replication differ in Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes?

A
  • Prokaryotes have one origin of replication and Eukaryotes have many
  • Number/types of DNA polymerase
  • Only Eukaryotes have telomeres
47
Q

What are telomeres?

A

a repeating sequence of DNA at the end of a chromosome.

48
Q

What is a function of telomeres?

A

protect the genes on our DNA during replication

49
Q

Why is an RNA primer necessary in DNA replication?

A

Provides a 3’ end that DNA polymerase can add nucleotides to

50
Q

Why is DNA shorter after replication?

A

RNA primer is bound to the 5’ end of the strand.

51
Q

Which enzyme prevents the loss of telomeres during DNA replication?

A

Telomerase

52
Q

What is cell senescence?

A

when a cell can no longer divide

53
Q

Why are telomeres considered a biological clock?

A

Cell division stops after telomeres substantially degrade

54
Q

Hayflick’s limit is…

A

the number of times a normal cell can divide before cell division stops

55
Q

Cancer cells have more telomerase than non cancerous cells.

A

t

Biology SBI4U1 (42 decks)

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