5 Kahoot - exam

Question 1

Monomer of DNA

Answer 1

nucleotide

Question 2

backbone of DNA

Answer 2

phosphate and sugar

Question 3

pyrimidines

Answer 3

cytosine and thymine

Question 4

number of rings in pyrimidines

Answer 4

1

Question 5

complementary base pairing refers to

Answer 5

the arrangement of nitrogenous bases in DNA strands

Question 6

what are the complementary base pairs in DNA

Answer 6

A always binds with T; G always binds with C

Question 7

How many hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine?

Answer 7

2

Question 8

Antiparallel means that

Answer 8

strands of DNA run in opposite directions

Question 9

What is attached to the 3’ end of DNA?

Answer 9

An exposed hydroxyl group

Question 10

What is attached to the 5’ end of DNA?

Answer 10

Phosphate

Question 11

How many nucleotides are in one turn of DNA?

Answer 11

10 basepairs

Question 12

What is a genome?

Answer 12

An organism’s complete set of hereditary information.

Question 13

What is a gene?

Answer 13

A functional unit of DNA

Question 14

How is eukaryote DNA different than prokaryote DNA?

Answer 14

eukaryote DNA is linear

Question 15

Where is the DNA found in a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 15

Nuceloid Region

Question 16

Which enzyme controls the twisting of DNA in Prokaryotes?

Answer 16

topoisomerase

Question 17

What is a plasmid?

Answer 17

A small loop of DNA that can be copied and shared.

Question 18

What is a nucleosome?

Answer 18

region of DNA wound around histone proteins

Question 19

In what form is DNA during interphase?

Answer 19

chromatin

Question 20

At what stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Answer 20

S phase

Question 21

In order, what are the three main phases of DNA replication?

Answer 21

initiation, elongation, termination

Question 22

What is the replication fork?

Answer 22

the region where parental strands of DNA are being unwound

Question 23

What is a replication bubble

Answer 23

A seperated segment of DNA where replication originates

Question 24

Helicase unwinds the DNA by:

Answer 24

breaking hydrogen bonds

Question 25

After the DNA is unzipped by DNA helicase, what happens next?

Answer 25

SSBPs stabilize DNA strands so they don't anneal

Question 26

What is the name of the enzyme that relieves the stress on the DNA during unwinding?

Answer 26

Topoisomerase

Question 27

What enzymes adds nucleotides to build a new strand of DNA?

Answer 27

DNA polymerase III

Question 28

What is required before DNA polymerase can add new nucleotides to build the new strand?

Answer 28

RNA primer

Question 29

What end of the DNA strand does DNA Polymerase add nucleotides to?

Answer 29

3'

Question 30

how many primers are required for each leading strand?

Answer 30

1

Question 31

Which strand of DNA is built discontinuously?

Answer 31

lagging

Question 32

tRUE/FALSE: The overall direction of DNA replication in the lagging strand is opposite that of the leading strand

Answer 32

false

Question 33

The overall direction of DNA replication is:

Answer 33

away from the origin of replication

Question 34

Why is the lagging strand built up in a discontinous fashion?

Answer 34

DNA synthesis is in the 5' to 3' direction (adding nuceotides to 3' end)

Question 35

What are the fragments on the lagging strand called?

Answer 35

okazaki

Question 36

What is the enzyme that removes and replaces the RNA primers with DNA nucleotides called?

Answer 36

DNA polymerase I

Question 37

What is the enzyme that forms the phosphodiester bonds between DNA fragments called?

Answer 37

Ligase

Question 38

What occurs in the termination phase of DNA replication?

Answer 38

DNA strands rewind

Question 39

What enzyme is responsible for the proofreading of DNA during replication?

Answer 39

polymerase

Question 40

When does DNA polymerase perform its proofreading function on mispaired nucleotides?

Answer 40

before adding the next nucleotide in the chain

Question 41

DNA polymerase "proofreads" each new DNA strand. Why would DNA need "proofreading?"

Answer 41

The new strand needs to be a perfect copy.

Question 42

An unfixed mistake made during DNA replication is called:

Answer 42

Mutation

Question 43

How does DNA polymerase recognize mismatched base pairs?

Answer 43

3' OH- of mismatched base incorrectly positioned for DNA polymerase

Question 44

Strand slippage causes:

Answer 44

addition or deletion of bases

Question 45

What is the function of an exonuclease?

Answer 45

To correct mistakes made by DNA polymerase in replication

Question 46

How does DNA replication differ in Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes?

Answer 46

- Prokaryotes have one origin of replication and Eukaryotes have many - Number/types of DNA polymerase - Only Eukaryotes have telomeres

Question 47

What are telomeres?

Answer 47

a repeating sequence of DNA at the end of a chromosome.

Question 48

What is a function of telomeres?

Answer 48

protect the genes on our DNA during replication

Question 49

Why is an RNA primer necessary in DNA replication?

Answer 49

Provides a 3' end that DNA polymerase can add nucleotides to

Question 50

Why is DNA shorter after replication?

Answer 50

RNA primer is bound to the 5' end of the strand.

Question 51

Which enzyme prevents the loss of telomeres during DNA replication?

Answer 51

Telomerase

Question 52

What is cell senescence?

Answer 52

when a cell can no longer divide

Question 53

Why are telomeres considered a biological clock?

Answer 53

Cell division stops after telomeres substantially degrade

Question 54

Hayflick's limit is...

Answer 54

the number of times a normal cell can divide before cell division stops

Question 55

Cancer cells have more telomerase than non cancerous cells.

Answer 55

t