9.2: Meiosis And Genetic Variation Flashcards

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1
Q

Meiosis

A

Usually produces four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

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2
Q

Diploid number

A

Full set of chromosomes

In humans: 23 pairs/46 individual

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3
Q

Gamete

A

Sex cell

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4
Q

Haploid number

A

One chromosome from each pair from each parent.

Half diploid number

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5
Q

Two nuclear divisions in the process of meiosis

A

Meiosis 1

Meiosis 2

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6
Q

Meiosis 1

A

Homologous chromosomes pair their chromatids wrap around each other.
Crossing over occurs.
One chromosome from each pair goes into one of the two daughter cells.

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7
Q

Meiosis 2

A

The chromatids move apart into 4 daughter cells.

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8
Q

Meiosis bring about genetic variation in 2 ways?

A
  • independent segregation of homologous chromosomes

* new combinations of maternal and paternal alleles by crossing over

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9
Q

Crossing over

A

Equivalent portions of chromatids exchanged.

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10
Q

Gene

A

Length of DNA that codes for a polypeptide

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11
Q

Locus

A

The position of a gene on a chromosome or DNA molecule

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12
Q

Allele

A

One of the different forms of a particular gene.

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13
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

A pair of chromosomes, one maternal, one paternal, that have the same gene loci.

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14
Q

Independent segregation

A

Random which chromosome from each pair ends up in which daughter cell.

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