13.4 and 13.5: Fertilisers Flashcards

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1
Q

The need for fertilisers

A

Intensive farming removes mineral ions from the soil without replacing them

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2
Q

Type of fertilisers

2

A

natural and artificial

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3
Q

Natural fertiliser

A

Consists of the dead and decaying remains of plants and animals as well as animals wastes such as manure, slurry and bone meal

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4
Q

Artificial fertiliser

A

Inorganic
Mined from rocks and deposits then converted into different forms and blended into appropriate proportions. compounds containing nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus are most almost always present

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5
Q

Greatest long term productivity

A

From a mix of natural and artificial fertiliser

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6
Q

Nitrogen is needed for

A

plant growth

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7
Q

Forms of nitrogen containing fertiliser

4

A

ammonium salts, animal manure, bone meal and urea

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8
Q

Negative effects of nitrogen containing fertiliser

A

reduced species diversity
leaching
eutrophication

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9
Q

Leaching

A

a process by which nutrients are removed from the soil which may lead to pollution of water sources

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10
Q

Eutrophication

A

Caused by leaching of fertiliser into watercourses

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11
Q

Reduced species diversity due to fertilisers

A

favours the growth of grasses, nettles and other rapidly growing species which out-compete other species
eg: meadows only survive with low nitrogen conc.s in the soil

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12
Q

Increasing primary productivity in farming

4

A

overcoming limiting factors to photosynthesis
fertilisers
efficiency of energy transfer
pesticides

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13
Q

Overcoming limiting factors to photosynthesis

3

A

maximising light exposure
using warmer temps. in greenhouses
irrigation to maximise water supply

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14
Q

Pesticides

A

removes pests

prevents loss of biomass

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15
Q

Types of Pesticides

3

A

Pesticides
Fungicides
Herbicides

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16
Q

Herbicides

A

kill weeds

reduces competition for sunlight and nutrients

17
Q

Fungicides

A

prevent fungal diseases

18
Q

Increasing the efficiency of energy transfer

2

A

simplifying food webs

reducing respiratory losses

19
Q

Ways to increase secondary productivity in farming

2

A

reduce energy loss

increase growth rate

20
Q

Reducing the energy loss for an increase in secondary productivity
3

A

limit movement
heating in barns
antibiotics

21
Q

Increasing the growth for an increase in secondary productivity
3

A

selective breeding
steroids
harvest when young