7.1& 7.2Haemoglobin and oxygen transport

Question 1

Haemoglobin

is what type of protein

Answer 1

Globular protein

Question 2

Haemoglobin

found where

Answer 2

In red blood cells

Question 3

Dissociation

Answer 3

The process where oxygen is released at the tissues from oxyhaemoglobin

Question 4

Haemoglobin’s affinity

Answer 4

It has a high affinity (attraction) for oxygen

Question 5

Formation of oxyhaemoglobin

Answer 5

red blood cells reach the lungs
oxygen diffuses into the red blood cells
binds to the haemoglobin
= oxyhaemoglobin

Question 6

How many molecules of oxygen can bind to one haemoglobin molecule

Answer 6

four

Question 7

What makes haemoglobin red?

Answer 7

iron ion

Question 8

Haem group

what and where

Answer 8

prosthetic group in each polypeptide chain of the haemoglobin molecule

Question 9

What does the haem group contain

Answer 9

an iron ion

Question 10

What structure does haemoglobin have

Answer 10

quaternary structure with 4 different polypeptide chains

Question 11

Formula for oxygen partial pressure

Answer 11

pO2

Question 12

What is oxygen partial pressure

Answer 12

The concentration of oxygen in cells

Question 13

Formula for carbon dioxide partial pressure

Answer 13

pCO2

Question 14

What is pO2 important for

Answer 14

determining whether oxygen binds to haemoglobin (affinity)

Question 15

High pO2 means

Answer 15

haemoglobin has a high affinity for oxygen and oxygen binds to haemoglobin

Question 16

Low pO2 means

Answer 16

haemoglobin has a low affinity for oxygen and oxygen dissociates from haemoglobin

Question 17

Animals at altitude

haemoglobin

Answer 17

has a high affinity for oxygen

as air at higher altitudes has a low partial pressure

Question 18

High metabolic rate

haemoglobin

Answer 18

haemoglobin that dissociates oxygen easily

allows oxygen to be readily and easily supplied to cell for use in respiration

Question 19

When the first molecule of oxygen binds to the haemoglobin…

Answer 19

conformational change occurs (change in shape of protein)
and it becomes easier for more oxygen molecules to bind
so % saturation increases quickly

Question 20

As more oxygen molecules bind to haemoglobin…

Answer 20

it becomes more difficult for oxygen molecules to bind

so % saturation begins to plateau

Question 21

Respiring cells partial pressures?

Answer 21

low pO2 and high pCO2

Question 22

When pCO2 is high…

Answer 22

the rate of oxygen dissociation increases

Question 23

The Bohr effect

Answer 23

the increased dissociation of oxygen causes a shift in the curve to the right
(means oxygen will dissociate at a lower pO2 than normal)

Question 24

Organisms with a lower conc. of oxygen have haemoglobin…

Answer 24

with a higher affinity for oxygen

dissociation curve to the left