1.5: Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

Triglycerides

A

One molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids attached to it

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2
Q

Fatty acids made of

A

hydrocarbons

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3
Q

Fatty acids have ‘tails’ which are

A

hydrophobic

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4
Q

Hydrophobic

A

repel water molecules

water hating

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5
Q

Lipids are … in water

A

insoluble

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6
Q

Fatty acids basic structure

A

1 carbon atom
double bond to oxygen atom
single bond to OH ion
single bond to ‘R’ group

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7
Q

R group is

A

variable group

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8
Q

How is fatty acids linked to glycerol

A

carbon atom on fatty acid

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9
Q

Triglycerides formed

A

condensation reaction

occurs 3 times between each fatty acids w/ the glycerol

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10
Q

Bond in triglyceride formation

A

ester bond

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11
Q

Two types of fatty acids

A

saturated and unsaturated

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12
Q

Difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acods

A

in the hydrocarbon tails (r groups)

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13
Q

Saturated fatty acids

A

Contain no double bonds between C atoms

‘saturated’ with hydrogen

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14
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids

A

Contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond

cause the chain to kink

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15
Q

Lipids found in cell membrane

A

phospholipids

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16
Q

Structure of a phospholipid

A

Glycerol
phosphate group
2 fatty acids

17
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Attract water molecules

water loving

18
Q

Whats hydrophilic/phobic in a phospholipid

A

phosphate group = Hydrophilic

fatty acid tails = Hydrophobic

19
Q

Triglyceride function

A

Energy storage molecules

20
Q

Where is lots of chemical energy stored

A

hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids

21
Q

Triglycerides in cells

A

Clump together as INSOLUBLE DROPLETS

22
Q

Phospholipids make up

A

bilayer in cell membrane

23
Q

Why is it a bilayer not one layer

A

hydrophilic heads facing out on either side = double layer

24
Q

Cell membrane acts as a barrier to

why

A

water-soluble substances

as centre of bilayer is hydrophobic tails

25
Q

Test for lipids

A

Emulsion test

26
Q

Steps in the Emulsion test

A

shake the test substance with ethanol so it dissolves
add solution to distilled water
presence of lipid = milky emulsion layer