3.6: Prokaryotic cells and viruses

Question 1

Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Answer 1

Pro are smaller and simpler

pro have genetic material not enclosed in a nucleus

Question 2

Flagella (plural)

Answer 2

Long hair-like structure that rotates to move the cell

Not all prokaryotes have a flagellum/some have more than 1

Question 3

DNA in prokaryotes

Answer 3

circular DNA
one coiled up strand
floats free in the cytoplasm not enclosed in a nucleus

Question 4

Plasmids

Answer 4

Small loops of DNA separate from the circular DNA molecule, which contain genes that can be passed around prokaryotes eg: antibiotic resistance

Question 5

Capsule

Answer 5

secreted slime around cell which helps to protect bacteria from attack by immune system cells

Question 6

Acellular

Answer 6

not cells

Question 7

Viruses are made of

Answer 7

a nucleic acid surrounded by protein

Question 8

Viruses vs bacteria

Answer 8

viruses are smaller
no plasma membrane
no cytoplasm
no ribosomes

Question 9

Host cells

Answer 9

Normal cells that are invaded by viruses which reproduce inside them

Question 10

Viruses genetic material

Answer 10

DNA or RNA in a core

with a capsid (protein coat) around the core

Question 11

How viruses attach to host cells

Answer 11

attachment proteins on the capsid stick out and will cling to a host cells

Question 12

How do prokaryotes replicate

Answer 12

binary fission

Question 13

Binary fission

Answer 13

The cell replicates, making copies of its genetic material

then splits into 2 daughter cells

Question 14

Different viruses have different

Answer 14

attachment proteins
(therefore requires different receptor proteins on host cells
-not all viruses can infect all cells)

Question 15

Viruses aren’t

Answer 15

alive