10.1: Species and Taxonomy

Question 1

Species

Answer 1

The basic unit of classification, individuals of a single species are capable of breeding together to produce living, fertile offspring.

Question 2

system for naming species

Answer 2

Binomial system

Question 3

Binomial system

Answer 3

Universal system for naming species. With two names.

Question 4

Names in the binomial system

2

Answer 4

Generic name

Specific name

Question 5

Generic name

Answer 5

Denotes the genus an organism belongs to. (First name)

Question 6

Specific name

Answer 6

Denotes the species the organism belongs to (second name.)

Question 7

Rules for binomial system

3

Answer 7

• Names are in italics/ underlined when handwritten
• first letter of generic name is in upper case and all of specific name is in lower case.
• if specific name unknown write ‘sp’

Question 8

Courtship behaviour enables individuals to:

5

Answer 8

• Recognise members of their own species
• identify a mate that is capable of breeding
• form a pair bond
• synchronise mating
• become able to breed

Question 9

Classification

Answer 9

The grouping of organisms.

Question 10

Taxonomy

Answer 10

The theory and practice of biological classification.

Question 11

Two forms of classification

Answer 11

Artificial and phylogenetic

Question 12

Artificial classification

Answer 12

Divides organisms according to differences that are useful at the time. Eg: size, leaf shape, colour etc…

Question 13

Phylogenetic classification

Answer 13

A hierarchy which contains groups that are classifies species into groups using shared features from their ancestors.

Question 14

What is Phylogenetic classification based on?

Answer 14

Evolutionary relationships between organisms and their ancestors and homologous characteristics.

Question 15

Groups within a phylogenetic biological classification called

Answer 15

Taxon (taxa plural)

Question 16

Three types of domain

Answer 16

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Question 17

Domain

Answer 17

The highest taxonomic rank.

Question 18

Bacteria

Domain

Answer 18

Group of single-celled prokaryotes.

Question 19

Features of bacteria

Answer 19

• no membrane-bound organelles
• unicellular
• cell walls made of murein
• single loop of DNA

Question 20

Archaea

Domain

Answer 20

Group of single-called prokaryotes that were originally classed as bacteria which they resemble in appearance.

Question 21

Archaea features that mean they differ from bacteria:

Answer 21

• genes and protein synthesis more similar to eukaryotes
• no murein in their cell walls
• more complex form of RNA polymerase

Question 22

Eukarya

Domain

Answer 22

A group of organisms made up one or more eukaryotic cells.

Question 23

Features of eukarya

Answer 23

• membrane bound organelles in their cells
• some possess a cell wall but none with murein
• larger ribosomes (80S) than in bacteria archaea

Question 24

Phyla

Answer 24

The largest groups within each kingdom.

Question 25

Order of phylogenetic ranks

Answer 25

KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES

Question 26

Phylogeny

Answer 26

The evolutionary relationship between organisms.

Question 27

In a phylogenetic tree, the closer the branches…

Answer 27

The closer the evolutionary relationship.