13.1: Food chains and energy transfer Flashcards

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1
Q

Biomass

A

The total mass of living material in a specific area at a given time

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2
Q

Producer

A

Photosynthetic organisms that manufacture organic substances using: light energy, water, CO2 and mineral ions

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3
Q

Primary Consumer

A

Animals that directly eat producers

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4
Q

Secondary Consumer

A

Animals that eat primary consumers

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5
Q

Tertiary Consumer

A

Animals that eat secondary consumers

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6
Q

Consumers

A

Organisms that obtain their energy by feeding on other organisms (rather than directly using sunlight energy)

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7
Q

Predators

A

Usually secondary and tertiary consumers but also scavengers and parasites

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8
Q

Scavengers

A

An organism that consumes decaying biomass eg: meat or plant material

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9
Q

Parasites

A

An organism that obtains nourishment and shelter on another organism
(usually parasites benefit and the host does not)

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10
Q

Saprobiont

A

(decomposers)

Organisms that break down the complex materials in dead organisms into simple ones

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11
Q

Food chain

A

Feeding relationship and each stage in the chain is a trophic level

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12
Q

Food web

A

Very complex link of lots of food chains

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13
Q

Fresh mass

biomass

A

Easy access but presence of water makes it unreliable

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14
Q

Dry mass/ carbon

biomass

A

Overcomes (fresh mass) problem but means killing the organisms so only a small sample can be taken which may not be representative

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15
Q

Measuring biomass units

A

dry mass per given area in a given time

area: gm-2
volume: gm-3

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16
Q

Chemical energy store estimated?

A

using calorimetry

17
Q

Bomb calorimetry

A

weigh sample of dry material
burn in a sealed chamber (bomb) in pure o2
surrounded by a water bath
heat of combustion = calculate energy released from the mass of burnt biomass
kJkg-1