3.4 Eukaryotic cells and organelles Flashcards

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1
Q

Eukaryotic organisms

A

Made up of eukaryotic cells

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2
Q

Organelles

A

Parts of cells that have a specific function

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3
Q

Eukaryotic cells

are

A

Complex

all animal, plant, fungi, algae

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4
Q

Plant cells organelles

A

same as animal cells

+ cellulose cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts

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5
Q

Algal cell organelles

A

same as plant cells

cell wall may be made out of glycoproteins and/or cellulose

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6
Q

Fungal cell organelles

A

same as plant cells except
cell walls made of chitin
no chloroplasts

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7
Q

Cell surface membrane

A

Double plasma membrane, phospholipid bylayer

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8
Q

Cell surface membrane

function

A

Regulates movement of substances into and out of cell

possesses receptor molecules on outside

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

A large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope which contains chromosomes

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10
Q

Nucleus

function

A

Controls the cells activities by controlling the transcription of DNA

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11
Q

Mitochondrion

components

A

Usually oval shaped
double membrane - inner one is folded to form cristae
matrix inside

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12
Q

Mitochondrion

function

A

The site of aerobic respiration where ATP is produced

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13
Q

Chloroplast

components

A

flattened structure found in plant and algal cells
surrounded by a double membrane
thylakoid membranes = inside membranes = forms grana

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14
Q

Chloroplast

function

A

Site where photosynthesis takes place

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15
Q

Golgi apparatus

description

A

A group of fluid filled membrane-bound flattened sacs

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16
Q

Golgi apparatus

function

A

Processes and packages new lipids and proteins and makes lysosomes

17
Q

Golgi vesicle

description

A

A small fluid filled sac, surrounded by a membrane and produced by the golgi apparatus

18
Q

Golgi vesicle

Function

A

Stores lipids and proteins made by the golgi apparatus and transports them out of the cell via the cell surface membrane

19
Q

Lysosome

description

A

A round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure
type of golgi vesicle

20
Q

Lysosome

function

A

Contains digestive enzyme called lysozymes which digest/hydrolyse invading cells or break down worn out cell components

21
Q

Ribosome

description

A

Very small organelle attached to RER or free in cytoplasm

made up of proteins and RNA and not surrounded by a membrane

22
Q

Ribosomes

function

A

Site where proteins are made (protein synthesis)

23
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

description

A

RER
A system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space
surface covered with ribosomes

24
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

function

A

Folds and processes proteins that have me been made at the ribosomes

25
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

description

A

SER

Similar to RER but no ribosomes

26
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

function

A

Synthesises anf processes lipids

27
Q

Cell wall

function

A

Supports cells and prevents them from changing shape

28
Q

Cell vacuole

A

Helps to maintain pressure inside the cell and keep the cell rigid. Isolates any unwanted chemicals inside the cell and contains cell sap

29
Q

Membrane surrounding the cell vacuole

A

tonoplast